https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJEFSD <p>International<strong> Journal on Economics, Finance and Sustainable Development (IJEFSD)</strong> is an international, peer-reviewed, and scholarly journal aimed at being a platform for interdisciplinary researchers across the globe to develop and advance both theory and practice of economics and finance while considering sustainability. &nbsp;<strong>IJEFSD</strong> welcomes all well-developed papers exploring areas of economics and finance including papers in the area of sustainable development. Moreover, the journal accepts research articles based but concerning a topic of interest in the field of sustainability while pointing out fields, such as, economics, marketing, business, management, sociology and but not limited. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. The submitted paper will be reviewed by the technical committees of the journal.</p> Research Parks Publishing LLC en-US International Journal on Economics, Finance and Sustainable Development 2615-4021 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJEFSD/article/view/5389 <p>The purpose of this paper is to apply "Markov chain" modeling to the Iraq Stock Exchange Index (ISX60) over a period of 231 trading days, from January 02, 2024, to December 30, 2024. The prediction was made by identifying three cases of stock price movement: height, low, and stability. The transition matrix and probability vector for the Markov chain were created, and the results showed that the probability of a decrease in the Iraq Stock Exchange Index prices was the highest, reaching (0.489), the probability of a rise in prices was the lowest, reaching (0.177), and the probability of stock price stability was (0.33). The purpose of this study was to raise local investors' understanding of the Markov chain model's predictive power to aid in investment decision-making.</p> Sabbar Thijeel Odah Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal on Economics, Finance and Sustainable Development 2025-03-03 2025-03-03 7 3 106 111 10.31149/ijefsd.v7i3.5389 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJEFSD/article/view/5390 <p>This paper aims to evaluate the trading strategy using simple moving average with different lengths of "10 days, 20 days, 50 days, 100 days, 150 days, 200 days" on the Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX60) index during (109) trading days, and compare it with the simple buy and hold strategy. The findings show that, despite the Iraq Stock Exchange's lack of efficiency at the basic level, trading with moving averages may predict price movement and, after subtracting trading expenses, produces profits that are higher than those of the buy and hold strategy. Additionally, compared to other moving averages, the 20-day simple "moving average" is more predictive.</p> Sabbar Thijeel Odah Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal on Economics, Finance and Sustainable Development 2025-03-03 2025-03-03 7 3 112 117 10.31149/ijefsd.v7i3.5390