https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE)</strong> is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal, publishing high-quality manuscripts in forms of original research articles, review articles, book reviews, case reports, and discussions to answer important and interesting questions, develop or test a theory, replicate prior studies, explore interesting phenomena, review and synthesize existing research and provide new perspectives aimed at stimulating future theory development and empirical research related to education, integration, social sciences, humanities, language, literature, philosophy, and philology.</p> Research Parks Publishing LLC en-US International Journal on Integrated Education 2615-3785 <p>In submitting the manuscript to the <strong>International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE)</strong>, the authors certify that:</p> <ul> <li class="show">They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.</li> <li class="show" style="text-align: justify;">The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.</li> <li class="show">That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,</li> <li class="show" style="text-align: justify;">The publication has been approved by the author(s) and by responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.</li> <li class="show">They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.</li> <li class="show">They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.</li> </ul> <p><strong>License and Copyright Agreement</strong></p> <p>Authors who publish with <strong>International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE)</strong>&nbsp;agree to the following terms:</p> <p>Authors retain copyright and grant the <strong>International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE)</strong>&nbsp;right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under <strong>Creative Commons Attribution License</strong> <strong><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">(CC BY 4.0)</a></strong> that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</p> https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/5411 <p>This study investigates the role of women in politics in developed and developing countries, focusing on the challenges and opportunities that have shaped their political engagement over time. It explores the historical context, theoretical underpinnings, and contemporary issues that influence the participation of women in political processes across the globe. The study is anchored in the Gender and Development (GAD) Theory, which emphasizes addressing systemic gender inequalities in political, social, and economic structures. Through a qualitative research approach and content analysis of secondary sources, this study examines how the socio-cultural, economic, and political factors have either facilitated or hindered women's political involvement. The findings reveal that while historical barriers like patriarchal systems and colonialism significantly hindered women's political engagement, contemporary advancements such as women's suffrage movements, feminist advocacies, gender quotas, and increased political activism have provided significant opportunities for women in politics across the globe, with more participation in developed countries. Despite these advancements, the study highlights persistent challenges, including gender-based violence, economic disparities, and cultural norms in developing countries, and family responsibilities, economic disparities in developed countries that limit women’s full participation in governance. The conclusion underscores the transformative impact of women in political institutions, particularly in developed countries like the USA, UK, Germany, France, etc., and developing countries like Rwanda, where women hold a significant portion of legislative seats. The study recommends continued support for gender-inclusive policies, educational programs, and financial resources to empower more women to participate in politics. The study calls for broader structural reforms and cultural shifts to ensure that women can compete on equal footing with men in the political sphere.</p> Akietuwopiribie Opuene Hart Ere Akie Hart LLB Copyright (c) 2025 Akietuwopiribie Opuene Hart, Ere Akie Hart LLB https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-04-15 2025-04-15 8 3 1 19 10.31149/ijie.v8i3.5411