Determinants of Quality of Work Life: The Case of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kogi State
Abstract
The study aimed at determinants of quality of work life in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kogi State. The survey research design was applied. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to choose the sample size of 365. Data were gathered and analyzed using inferential analytical technique. Regression analysis was used. Finding showed that quality work time has strong effect on QWL of SMEs’ employees in Kogi State (R2- 0.5128). Finding further showed that good work conditions have effects on the QWL of SMEs’ employees in Kogi State (R2- 0.9868). The study concluded that quality work time strongly determines the QWL of SMEs’ employees in Kogi State. Good work conditions strongly determine the QWL of SMEs’ employees in Kogi State. The study recommended that to improve employees' quality of life in Kogi State, SME owners should ensure that employees have considerable work time, and that they should adopt work scheduling autonomy and decision-making autonomy.
References
Abe, E. N., Fields, Z., & Abe, I. I. (2017). The Efficacy of Wellness Programmes as Work-Life Balance Strategies in the South African Public Service. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 8(6), 52-67. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i6(J).1483
Adikoeswanto, D., Eliyana, A., Hamidah, I., Sariwulan, T., Buchdadi, A.D., & Firda, F. (2020), Quality of Work Life’s Factors and Their Impacts on Organizational Commitments. Sys Rev Pharm, 11(7), 450-461
Akar, H. (2018). A Meta-Analytic Study Concerning the Effect of Educational Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Quality of Work Life on Their Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(3), 101–115. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2018.03.007
Bagwell, C. E., Chiu, P., Fecteau, A., Gow, K., Muelle, C. M., Price, D., et al. (2017). 2016 CAPS ethics session/Ein debate: 1. Regionalization of pediatric surgical care 2. Ethical introduction of surgical innovation 3. Addressing stress in a surgical practice: Resiliency, well-being, and burnout. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.025
Bashir, A., Amir, A., Jawaad, M., & Hasan, T. (2020). Work conditions and job performance: An indirect conditional effect of motivation. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1801961. doi:10.1080/23311975.2020.1801961
Dehghan Nayeri, N., Salehi, T., & Ali Asadi Noghabi, A. (2011). Quality of work life and productivity among Iranian nurses. Contemporary Nurse, 39(1), 106–118. doi:10.5172/conu.2011.39.1.106
Devi, R.S. & Ganapathi, R. (2014). Impact of Work Related Factors on Quality of Work Life of Employees in Small Scale Industries in Kanyakumari District. Journal of Business and Management, 16(12), 51-55
El Badawy, T. A., Chinta, R., & Magdy, M. M. (2018). Does ‘gender’ mediate or moderate the relationship between ‘quality of work life’ and ‘organizational committment’?: Evidence from SMEs in Egypt. Gender in Management, 33(4), 332–348. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2017-0050 7.
Fu, X., Xu, J. J., Song, L., Li, H., Wang, J., Wu, X. H., et al. (2015). Validation of the Chinese version of the quality of nursing work life scale. PloS One. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10. 1371/journal.pone.0121150.
Harncharoen, K., Isahak, M., Kaewboonchoo, O., Low, W.Y. & Ratanasiripong, P. (2016). Workplace Environment and Quality of Life of SME Workers: A Systematic Review. Asia Journal of Public Health, 7(2), 64-81.
Hashempour, R., Hosseinpour Ghahremanlou, H., Etemadi, S., & Poursadeghiyan, M. (2018). The Relationship Between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Commitment of Iranian Emergency Nurses. Health in Emergencies & Disasters Quarterly, 4(1), 49–54. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32598/hdq.4.1.49 11
Hsu, Y.-Y., Bai, C.-H., Yang, C.-M., Huang, Y.-C., Lin, T.-T., & Lin, C.-H. (2019). Long Hours’ Effects on Work-Life Balance and Satisfaction. BioMed Research International, 2019, 1–8. doi:10.1155/2019/5046934
Huang, H. G., Xu, J. J., Zhang, R., & Fu, X. (2013). Quality of work life among nurses working in different level hospitals in Guangdong province. Journal of Nursing Science, 28(14), 56–58.
Huang, H., Zhang, H., Xie, Y., Wang, S.-B., Cui, H., Li, L., … Geng, Q. (2020). Effect of Balint group training on burnout and quality of work life among intensive care nurses: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research, 35, 16–21. doi:10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.002
Karaaslan, A., & Aslan, M. (2019). The Relationship Between the Quality of Work and Organizational Commitment of Prison Nurses. Journal of Nursing Research, 27(3), 1–10. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000286
Kavalieratos, D., Siconolfi, D. E., Steinhauser, K. E., Bull, J., Arnold, R. M., Swetz, K. M., et al. (2017). “It is like heart failure. It is chronic and it will kill you”: A qualitative analysis of burnout among hospice and palliative care clinicians. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 53(5), 901–910.
Le, T.H., Nguyen, T.M.T., Trinh, T.A., & Nguyen, T.H.P. (2021). Factors Affecting Quality of Working Life: A Study On Front-line Employees In Vietnamese Aviation Sector. Transportation Research Procedia, 56, 118–126. Retrieved from https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3968-2072
Leitão, J., Pereira, D., & Gonçalves, Â. (2019). Quality of Work Life and Organizational Performance: Workers’ Feelings of Contributing, or Not, to the Organization’s Productivity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20), 1-18. doi:10.3390/ijerph16203803
Li, L., Rong, H., & Yuan, W. (2015). The relationship between social support and burnout among ICU nurses in shanghai: A cross-sectional study. Chinese Nursing Research, 2(2), 70–77.
Mily, V.T.K. & Yameni, M.D. (2017). Quality of work life – a study. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 197, 1-15. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/197/1/012057
Monkevicius, A. (2014). Quality of working life concept and empirical indicators. Intelektine Ekonomika
Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321–1339. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321
Nafiu, I.O., Hassan, O.M. and Nafiu, A.T. (2021), adoptable strategies in marketing and market outcomes: examining the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kogi State. KIU Interdisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(2), 65-78
Nayeri, N. D., Salehi, T., & Noghabi, A. A. A. (2011). Quality of work life and productivity among iranian nurses. Contemporary Nurse : A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 39(1), 106-18. doi: 10.5172/conu.2011.39.1.106.
Nguyen, T. D., & Nguyen, T. T. M. (2012). Psychological Capital, Quality of Work Life, and Quality of Life of Marketers. Journal of Macromarketing, 32(1), 87–95. doi:10.1177/0276146711422065
Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B. (2020). SME: Issues, Challenges and Prospects. Financial System Strategy 2020 International Conference. Retrieved from https://www.cbn.gov.ng/fss/wed/SME_Issues,%20Challenges%20and%20Prospects_Oyeyinka%20Banji.pdf
Prem, R., Kubicek, B., Uhlig, L., Baumgartner, V. & Korunka, C. (2021). Development and Initial Validation of a Scale to Measure Cognitive Demands of Flexible Work. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-16. DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679471
Sule, J.G. & Nafiu, A.T. (2019). Strategy Adoption and the Performance of Small Scale Rice Processors: Empirical Assessment of Kogi State. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 9(2), 2309-8295. DOI: 10.18488/journal.1006.2019.92.251.260.
Tartakovsky, E., & Walsh, S. D. (2016). Burnout among social workers working with immigrants from the Former Soviet Union and Ethiopia in Israel: Testing the connections between personal value preferences, immigrant appraisal and burnout. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 53, 39–53.
Van, L.D., Edwards, J.A. & Easton, S. (2007). The Work-Related Quality of Life scale for healthcare workers. J Adv Nurs. 60(3), 325-333
Wong, K., Chan, A. H. S., & Ngan, S. C. (2019). The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 1-22. doi:10.3390/ijerph16122102
Zubair, M. H., Hussain, L. R., Williams, K. N., & Grannan, K. J. (2017). Work-Related Quality of Life of US General Surgery Residents: Is It Really so Bad? Journal of Surgical Education, 74(6), e138–e146. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.09.018