Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Landfill Site Selection (Babylon Governorate)

Mustafa Aqeel  Abdel-Razzaq; Zahraa Yasser  Sawadi; Zainab Reda  Sawadi; Fatima Qassem  Hussein

doi:10.31149/ijefsd.v6i5.5290

Mustafa Aqeel Abdel-Razzaq Department of Environmental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Karbala, Iraq
Zahraa Yasser Sawadi Department of Environmental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Karbala, Iraq
Zainab Reda Sawadi Department of Environmental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Karbala, Iraq
Fatima Qassem Hussein Department of Environmental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Karbala, Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31149/ijefsd.v6i5.5290

Keywords: Geographic Information System (GIS), landfill, Babylon Governorate

Abstract

The process of disposing of municipal solid waste through burial or sanitary landfill is one of the most common practices in various countries of the world. However, designing landfill sites and choosing the best site is not an easy process, because the identification and selection process includes strict rules and regulations. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy (AHP), a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach, allowed for the identification of an appropriate dump site in Babil Governorate, about 35 km south of Baghdad. Ten factors were used to choose the ideal burial place; each criterion was shown on a map on the geographic information system (GIS). The AHP matrix was then used to establish the weights of the 10 criteria, which include land use, settlements, rural regions, highways, irrigation networks, groundwater depth, rivers, land slope, and governorate and municipal boundaries. The consistency ratio was another tool used to evaluate the appropriateness of the weight scales; it was found to be 0.08371, which was less than the value of 0.1. This indicates that the hypotheses selected by the AHP matrix were suitable for the study. The results of the research show that a site of 10,563,143 square meters is ideal for meeting the governorate's land need of 7173372 square meters between 2025 and 2040. Four more factors were added to the procedures used to choose the locations of the intermediate collection stations: residential areas, garbage production hubs, highways, and proximity to the disposal site. Furthermore, the AHP matrix was used to evaluate it and calculate the weights of the previously specified criterion. The results of the research suggested that the ideal locations to facilitate the collection and disposal of municipal solid waste are seven intermediate collection sites.

References

C. Zurbrügg, "Urban Solid Waste Management in Low-Income Countries of Asia: How to Cope with the Garbage Crisis," presented at the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) at the Urban Solid Waste Management Review Session, Durban, South Africa, Nov. 2002.

Iraqi Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works, "Structural Plan of Babylon Governorate, The Directorate General of Urban Planning, Information Analysis Report (Revised)," 2009.

Iraqi Ministry of Planning, "Records of Directorate of Census Babylon, Internal Reports," Baghdad: Iraqi Ministry of Planning, 2016.

M. Mitchell, "Model Cards for Model Reporting," in FAT 2019 - Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency*, pp. 220-229, 2019, doi: 10.1145/3287560.3287596.

S. Nguengang Wakap, "Estimating Cumulative Point Prevalence of Rare Diseases: Analysis of the Orphanet Database," European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 165-173, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41431-019-0508-0.

R. van Klink, "Meta-Analysis Reveals Declines in Terrestrial but Increases in Freshwater Insect Abundances," Science, vol. 368, no. 6489, pp. 417-420, 2020, doi: 10.1126/science.aax9931.

C. Li, "Assessment of Microplastics in Freshwater Systems: A Review," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 707, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135578.

A. Merghadi, "Machine Learning Methods for Landslide Susceptibility Studies: A Comparative Overview of Algorithm Performance," Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 207, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103225.

A. Mollalo, "GIS-Based Spatial Modeling of COVID-19 Incidence Rate in the Continental United States," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 728, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138884.

S. Rahimi, "Sustainable Landfill Site Selection for Municipal Solid Waste Based on a Hybrid Decision-Making Approach: Fuzzy Group BWM-MULTIMOORA-GIS," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 248, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119186.

C. DelRe, "Near-Complete Depolymerization of Polyesters With Nano-Dispersed Enzymes," Nature, vol. 592, no. 7855, pp. 558-563, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03408-3.

I. Kamdar, "Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Siting Using an Integrated GIS-AHP Approach: A Case Study From Songkhla, Thailand," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 149, pp. 220-235, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.05.027.

A. Karasan, "A Novel Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP and Its Application to Landfill Site Selection Problem," Soft Computing, vol. 23, no. 21, pp. 10953-10968, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s00500-018-3649-0.

Z. Duan, "Trace Gas Emissions From Municipal Solid Waste Landfills: A Review," Waste Management, vol. 119, pp. 39-62, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.015.

Y. Rezaeisabzevar, "Landfill Site Selection Using Multi Criteria Decision Making: Influential Factors for Comparing Locations," Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), vol. 93, pp. 170-184, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.030.

H. Karimi, "Integrating GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Landfill Site Selection, Case Study: Javanrood County in Iran," International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 7305-7318, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s13762-018-2151-7.

S. J. Ghoushchi, "Landfill Site Selection for Medical Waste Using an Integrated SWARA-WASPAS Framework Based on Spherical Fuzzy Set," Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 24, 2021, doi: 10.3390/su132413950.