The Effect of E-Services Quality and Security on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Small and Medium-Sized Hotels
Abstract
The hotel industry is critical to Jordan's economy, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises that provide affordable and convenient lodging for visitors and business travellers Hotels often lack the financial capacity to invest in technology comparable to that of larger establishments, resulting in a disparity between client expectations and actual service provision. This disparity may result in customer unhappiness and a diminished probability of repeat patronage, endangering the long-term viability of these enterprises. Consequently, investigating the influence of e-service quality on fostering client loyalty via satisfaction in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMHs) is essential for comprehending how small organizations can effectively utilize constrained resources to fulfill and surpass consumer expectations. This study seeks to address significant research deficiencies in the SMH sector. This heightened satisfaction affects subsequent behaviors, including the likelihood of repurchase and total consumer allegiance. When performance fails to meet expectations, dissatisfaction emerges, often resulting in negative word-of-mouth or a decrease in repurchase intentions. Expectation-Confirmation Theory offers a robust paradigm for examining the correlation between e-service quality and client loyalty, mediated by customer satisfaction. The application of Jordanian SMHs offers a robust theoretical basis for examining the correlation between digital service quality and customer loyalty. This study aims to address a significant vacuum in the literature by applying ECT to this particular sector, providing valuable insights for both scholars and practitioners in the hotel industry. The results will furnish explicit recommendations for SMHs to enhance their digital services, elevate client pleasure, and ultimately foster greater customer loyalty in a fiercely competitive sector.
References
Adekuajo, I. O., Fakeyede, O. G., Udeh, C. A., & Daraojimba, C. (2023). THE DIGITAL EVOLUTION IN HOSPITALITY: A GLOBAL REVIEW AND ITS POTENTIAL TRANSFORMATIVE IMPACT ON U.S. TOURISM. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 5(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v5i10.633
Adzinyo, O., Dzansi, D. Y., & Strydom, A. J. (2024). Service quality facets and hotel customer retention in Ghana: Evidence from the Volta Region. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 13(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i2.3162
Ahmad, I., Akbar, R., & Javed, M. A. (2023). Nexus between e-service quality and e-customer satisfaction through functional and hedonic values: Case of online shopping in Pakistan. Kybernetes, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/K-06-2023-1146
Ahmad, K., & Sharma, B. K. (2023). Online Satisfaction and Hotel Booking Intentions: An Information System Success Model Perspective. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 0(0), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2023.2283502
Ahmed, D. F. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on Customer Service: Enhancing Experiences or Eroding Trust. Review Journal for Management & Social Practices, 1(3), Article 3.
Ali, H. A., Muhammad, G., Ali, S. A., Aziz, S., & Ahmed, A. (2023). Exploring the Impact of Internet Banking Service Efficiency on Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and the Moderating Effect of Customer Trust. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 8(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2023-830013
Ali, N., & Alfayez, M. (2024). The impact of E-CRM on customer loyalty in the airline industry: The mediating role of customer experience. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2364838. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2364838
Almarri, M. A., Haber, M., Lootah, R. A., Hallast, P., Turki, S. A., Martin, H. C., Xue, Y., & Tyler-Smith, C. (2021). The genomic history of the Middle East. Cell, 184(18), 4612–4625.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.013
Alshihre, F., Chinyio, E., Nzekwe-Excel, C., & Daniel, E. I. (2022). Pursuing alignment of clients’ and contractors’ perceptions of client satisfaction in Saudi Arabian projects. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 13(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-05-2022-0065
Alzoubi, R. H., Shnaikat, B., Abo Murad, M., Al kloub, R., Alhmesat, M., & Alkharabsheh, O. H. M. (2024). Rethinking growth and survival of hospitality industry in Jordan: The role of responsible and resilient leadership styles in managing crisis. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2402080. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2402080
Badar (Imran), S., & Waheed, A. (2022). Revealing the factors of re-patronage intention: True behavioral insights in hotel customers. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(5), 2317–2338. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-06-2022-0240
Bakhshandeh, G., Sharifi, S., & Rezaei, S. M. (2023). Influence of personalisation and hedonic motivation on repurchase intention: The mediating role of customer experience and loyalty. International Journal of Services, Economics and Management, 14(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEM.2023.129595
Bhattacharya, I., & Mulay, R. (2024). Perception of Indian customers towards e-service quality and its effect on consumer happiness, retention, and loyalty. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2413374. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2413374
Bhatti, M. A., & Alawad, W. A. (2023). Technology Adoption and Customer loyalty in Hospitality Sector: Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and Engagement. Przestrzeń Społeczna (Social Space), 23(3), Article 3.
Bhuiyan, M. S. (2024). The Role of AI-Enhanced Personalization in Customer Experiences. Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2024.6.1.17
Bookstein, A. (1983). Information retrieval: A sequential learning process. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 34(5), 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630340504
Chao, S.-L., Yu, M.-M., & Wei, S.-Y. (2024). Ascertaining the impact of e-service quality on e-loyalty for the e-commerce platform of liner shipping companies. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 184, 103491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2024.103491
Chin, W. W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and Opinion on Structural Equation Modeling. MIS Quarterly, 22(1), vii–xvi.
Daud, Y. R., & Amin, M. R. M. (2023). Integrative conceptual framework of student loyalty, service quality, e-service quality and university image in open and distance learning. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 13(3), 560–574. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-12-2022-0278
Dehalwar, K., & Sharma, S. N. (2023). Fundamentals of Research Writing and Uses of Research Methodologies. Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd.
Dijkstra, T., Miwa, K., Brummelhuis, B., Sappelli, M., & Baayen, H. (2010). How cross-language similarity and task demands affect cognate recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 62(3), 284–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2009.12.003
Felix, A., & Rembulan, G. D. (2023). Analysis of Key Factors for Improved Customer Experience, Engagement, and Loyalty in the E-Commerce Industry in Indonesia. Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), 5(2sp), Article 2sp. https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v5i2sp.350
Felix O., I., & Christian, A. (2024). Relationship Marketing and Customers’ Revisit Intention to Hotels in Calabar, Cross River State. European Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 12(2), Article 2.
Ferdous, A. S., Akareem, H. S., Viswanathan, M., Hollebeek, L. D., & Ringer, A. (2024). Boosting app-based mobile financial services engagement in B2B subsistence marketplaces: The roles of marketing strategy and app design. Industrial Marketing Management, 119, 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.04.014
Gurler, H. E. (2024). How does service quality predict loyalty? The serial mediation effects of perceived value and consumer brand identification. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-12-2023-0385
Hair, E., Halle, T., Terry-Humen, E., Lavelle, B., & Calkins, J. (2006). Children’s school readiness in the ECLS-K: Predictions to academic, health, and social outcomes in first grade. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21(4), 431–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2006.09.005
Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Ibrahim, M., & Rasheed, A. (2024). Exploring the Link Between Customer Relationship Management and Hotel Performance. Journal of Policy Options, 7(1), Article 1.
Ilyas, S., Ghaffar, A., Shakeel, A., Tariq, S., Majid, H., & Tariq, A. (2024). Fostering corporate sustainability and environmental performance in IT industries of Pakistan. Journal of Excellence in Management Sciences, 3(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.69565/jems.v3i3.315
Khan, M. N., Gupta, N., Matharu, M., & Khan, M. F. (2023). Sustainable E-Service Quality in Tourism: Drivers Evaluation Using AHP-TOPSIS Technique. Sustainability, 15(9), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097534
Kline, P., Rose, E. K., & Walters, C. R. (2022). Systemic Discrimination Among Large U.S. Employers*. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 137(4), 1963–2036. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjac024
Lian, S. S. Y. (2024). Understanding the determinants of online hotel booking intentions [Other, UTAR]. http://eprints.utar.edu.my/6718/
Liu, L., Jones, B. F., Uzzi, B., & Wang, D. (2023). Data, measurement and empirical methods in the science of science. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(7), 1046–1058. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01562-4
Luxamimongkolchai, L., & Nuangjamnong, C. (2023). Exploring the Impact of Digital Marketing and Services on Hotel Performance (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4678035). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4678035
Mandagi, D. W., Soewignyo, T., Kelejan, D. F., & Walone, D. C. (2024). From a hidden gem to a tourist spot: Examining brand gestalt, tourist attitude, satisfaction and loyalty in Bitung city. International Journal of Tourism Cities, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-10-2023-0217
Mandić, D., Panić, A., & Šain, M. Č. (2023). Automated service delivery in hotels: Balancing efficiency and human interaction for optimal guest satisfaction. International Scientific Conference on Economy, Management and Information Technologies, 1(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.46793/ICEMIT23.137M
Ndawi, H. (2023). Impact Of Customer Experience Management On Customer Loyalty: A Case Of Small-Scale Hotels In Masvingo [Thesis, Great Zimbabwe University]. http://ir.gzu.ac.zw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/794
Negassa, G. J., & Japee, G. P. (2023). The Effect of Bonding, Responsiveness and Communication on Customer Retention: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 22(2), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332667.2023.2191111
Oetama, S., Susanto, H., & Rizwannur, W. (2024). Effect Of Online Tracking System And Delivery Timeliness On Customer Satisfaction (Case Study On J & T Express Sampit). International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 5(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v5i4.1157
Ogoina, H., Henry, A., Jonathan, S., & Gift, R. (2024). The Impact of Social Media on Hotel Management: Branding, Engagement, and Reputation in Lagos State, Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.66583
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–479. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405
Palmucci, D. N., Jabeen, F., & Santoro, G. (2024). Customer insights in the digital era: A mixed-method approach to understanding e-service interactions. EuroMed Journal of Business, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-03-2024-0065
Pradnyana, I. P. G. D. (2023). The Effect of Service Quality and E-Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in Bukit Vista Hospitality Customers. International Journal of Review Management Business and Entrepreneurship (RMBE), 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.37715/rmbe.v3i1.3932
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717–731. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206553
Rigdon, E. E. (2024). Understanding Composite-Based Structural Equation Modeling Methods From the Perspective of Regression Component Analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 59(4), 677–692. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2024.2330148
Robertson, A., & Sibley, C. G. (2018). Research sampling: A pragmatic approach. In Advanced Research Methods for Applied Psychology. Routledge.
Rosário, A. T., & Dias, J. C. (2023). How has data-driven marketing evolved: Challenges and opportunities with emerging technologies. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 3(2), 100203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100203
Rupali, Sharma, N., Arora, P., & Mishra, P. (2024). Does AI Chatbot Service Quality Impact Customer Loyalty?: Examining Satisfaction and Attitudes. In Transforming the Financial Landscape With ICTs (pp. 28–54). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1503-3.ch002
Sun, S., & Pan, Y. (2023). Effects of Service Quality and Service Convenience on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Self-Service Fitness Centers: Differences between Staffed and Unstaffed Services. Sustainability, 15(19), Article 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914099
Sureephong, P., Chernbumroong, S., Intawong, K., Jansukpum, K., Wongwan, N., & Puritat, K. (2023). The effect of virtual reality on knowledge acquisition and situational interest regarding library orientation in the time of Covid-19. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 49(6), 102789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102789
Taherdoost, H. (2019). What Is the Best Response Scale for Survey and Questionnaire Design; Review of Different Lengths of Rating Scale / Attitude Scale / Likert Scale (SSRN Scholarly Paper 3588604). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3588604
Taherdoost, H. (2023). E-Environment. In H. Taherdoost (Ed.), E-Business Essentials: Building a Successful Online Enterprise (pp. 51–76). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39626-7_3
Vinzi, V. E., Trinchera, L., & Amato, S. (2010). PLS Path Modeling: From Foundations to Recent Developments and Open Issues for Model Assessment and Improvement. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications (pp. 47–82). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_3
Wang, J., Shahzad, F., & Ashraf, S. F. (2023). Elements of information ecosystems stimulating the online consumer behavior: A mediating role of cognitive and affective trust. Telematics and Informatics, 80, 101970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2023.101970
Wirtz, J., Hofmeister, J., Chew, P. Y. P., & Ding, X. (David). (2023). Digital service technologies, service robots, AI, and the strategic pathways to cost-effective service excellence. The Service Industries Journal, 43(15–16), 1173–1196. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2023.2226596
Wong, S., & Anita, T. L. (2024). E-Service Quality Dimension and Their Effect on E-Customer Satisfaction in AIRBNB Website Services. In B. Alareeni & A. Hamdan (Eds.), Navigating the Technological Tide: The Evolution and Challenges of Business Model Innovation (pp. 223–232). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67434-1_21
Xin, Y., Irfan, M., Ahmad, B., Ali, M., & Xia, L. (2023). Identifying How E-Service Quality Affects Perceived Usefulness of Online Reviews in Post-COVID-19 Context: A Sustainable Food Consumption Behavior Paradigm. Sustainability, 15(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021513
Yağmur, Y., Demirel, A., & Kılıç, G. D. (2023). Top quality hotel managers’ perspectives on smart technologies: An exploratory study. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(3), 1501–1531. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-09-2022-0457
Yang, X., Zhang, L., & Feng, Z. (2023). Personalized Tourism Recommendations and the E-Commerce Revolution.
Zografou, I., & Galanaki, E. (2024). To “talk the walk” or to “walk the talk”? Employer branding and HRM synergies in small and medium-sized hotels. EuroMed Journal of Business, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-09-2023-0259
Žukauskas, P., Vveinhardt, J., & Andriukaitienė, R. (2018). Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility. BoD – Books on Demand.