Effects of Conventional and Cooperative Learning Methods on Academic Achievement of Students in Biology Based on School Location
Keywords:
urban, rural, school location, learning, cooperative learning strategy, conventional learning strategy, academic achievement
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Cooperative and Conventional learning strategies on academic achievement of senior secondary school students in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria relative to Urban-Rural school location. The study adopted the pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design and was guided by three research questions and their hypotheses. A sample size of 379 was drawn from a population of 27,160 senior secondary school students (SS 11) in four public co-educational schools. A Biology Achievement Test (BAT), was used as an instrument for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The results of this study indicated a significant difference between urban and rural students’ achievement in Biology when taught using cooperative learning strategy, and in favor of urban students; a significant difference between urban/rural students mean achievement in Biology when taught using conventional learning strategy, in favor of urban students; no significant difference in achievement between students taught using cooperative learning and those taught using conventional learning strategy relative to school location. It was therefore recommended amongst others, that Biology Teachers in FCT, Abuja be trained on the operating procedures of cooperative learning in addition to conventional learning strategy they are used to; and that Biology students be exposed to jigsaw II cooperative learning strategy to engender social interaction that fosters the attainment of higher academic achievement and greater retention of learned materials, as well as those of conventional learning strategies that enables repetition and drills, leading to mastery.
References
1. Ahmadi, A., A & Lukman, A., A. (2015). Issues and Prospects of Effective Implementation of New Secondary School Curriculum in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 6 (34), 29 -39.
2. Ahmed, M., A. & Abimbola, I., O. (2011). Influence of teaching experience and school location on biology teachers’ rating of the difficult levels of nutrition concepts in Ilorin, Nigeria. JOSTMED, 7 (2), 52-61.Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1035855.pdf.AccessedNovember 3, 2017.
3. Akinwumi, J., O. (2017). Effects of Gender and School Location on the Ekiti State Secondary Schools Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension in English Language. Journal of Education and Practice, .8 (5), pp 50-55.
4. Alokan, B., F & Arijesuyo, A., E (2013). Rural and Urban Differential in Student’s Academic Performance among Secondary School Students In Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Educational and Social Research3 (3):213-217
5. Amadi, E.A. (2018). Effects of two phonics instructional methods on primary school pupils’ achievement and interest in Reading. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka.
6. Amadi, E., A; Nnamani, A., P., Ukoha, E., O (2018). School Location as a Predictor of Achievement in Reading among Nigerian Learners of English as a Second Language Covenant Journal of Language Studies 6 (2), 65-73
7. Boyi, A., A. (2013). Education and Sustainable National Development in Nigeria: Challenges and way forward. Mediterranean Journal of Sciences 4(8), 147-152
8. Britwum, S., A. (2014).Discuss The Educational Implications Of The Behaviorist Theory In The Mathematics Classroom. Retrieved from: https://www.Academia.Edu/8953152/The_Educational_Implications_Of_The_Behaviourist_Theory_of_Learning. Accessed, November 4, 2019
9. Chopper, Z. (2010).Traditional Teaching Methods: How are they used in Education System? Retrieved from: http://zvavanhuchopper.blogspot.com.ng/2010/10/traditional-teaching-methods-how-are.html, Accessed February 21, 2018.
10. Çimer, A. (2012). What makes biology learning difficult and effective: Students’ views. Educational Research and Reviews 7(3), 61-71.
11. Dorleku, A. (2013). Teaching and learning in border towns: A study of four junior high schools along the Ghana-Togo Border (Master’s thesis). Department of General Art Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
12. Chianson, M., M. (2012). School Location as a correlate of Mathematics Students achievement in a Cooperative Learning Class. Journal of Education and Leadership Development, 4, pp 42-46.
13. Ekeanyanwu, S., N and Anene, J., N (2020). A Comparative Study of Cooperative and Conventional Learning Strategies on Academic Achievement of Students In Biology. International Journal of Education and Research 8 (10), pp 173-186.
14. Ekperi, P., Onwuka,U and Young, N., W (2019).Teachers’ Attitude As A Correlate Of Students’ Academic Performance. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. 3(1) pp 205 – 209.
15. Ferguson-Patrick, K. (2018). The importance of teacher role in cooperative learning: the effects of high-stakes testing on pedagogical approaches of early career teachers in primary schools, Education 3-13, 46:1, 89-101.
16. Filipatali, T. (2013). Learning Theories. Their Influence on Teaching Methods, Retrieved from: https://www.grin.com/document/293498. Accessed November 5,2019
17. Haliru, U. (2015). Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy on Geography students’ academic performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Sokoto State, Nigeria. thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Masters Degree (M.ed) in Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Retrieved from: http://kubanni.abu.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/7283. Accessed, April 13, 2020.
18. Ismail, S., A., A &, Allaq, K., A (2019). The Nature of Cooperative Learning and Differentiated Instruction Practices in English Classes https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019856450
19. Ja'afar-Furo, M., R., Abdullahi, Y., Badgal, B., E. (2014). Effects of Demonstration and Lecture methods of teaching Apiculture on Performance ff Agric Students in Adamawa State University, Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development .14 (2) 173-177
20. Johnson, D., W., & Johnson, R., T. (2009).Social Interdependence Theory. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&ved=2ahUKEwisz. Assessed February 25, 2019.
21. Johnson, D., W., & Johnson, R., T. (2012). Social Interdependence Theory In D. J. In Christie (Ed), Encyclopedia of Peace Psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley – Blackwell.
22. Kingdom-Aaron, G., I., Etokeren, I., S., and Okwelle, P. C.(2019). Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy on Biology Students’ Academic Performance in Senior Secondary School in Rivers State. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 23 (6), pp 1-11
23. Lak, M., Soleimani, H., & Parvaneh F. (2017). The Effect of Teacher-Centeredness Method vs. Learner-Centeredness Method on Reading Comprehension among Iranian EFL Learners. Journal of Advances in English Language Teaching, 5 (1), 1-10.
24. Leaving Certificate Examination (2013).Chief Examiner’s Report, Biology. Retrieved from: https://www.examinations.ie/archive/ examiners_reports/Chief_Examiners_Report_Biology_2013.pdf. Accessed April 20, 2017.
25. Lindsay, P. (2011). Abstract Teaching for a Concrete World: A Lesson from Plato. American Political Science Association, 44 (3), 605-610.
26. Lewis, B. (2019, November 13). What Is Cooperative Learning? Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-cooperative-learning-2081641.
27. Mathew, C. (2014). Learning Strategies, Age, Gender and School-location as Predictors of Students’ Achievement in Chemistry in Rivers State, Nigeria.Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. 4 (21); 212-128.
28. Mege, C., A. (2014). Influence of school environmental factors on teaching-learning process in public primary schools in Lower Nyokal Division, Homa-Bay District, Kenya. A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements the Degree of Master of Education in Educational Administration University of Nairobi.
29. Marinho, S. (2009). An Analysis of Curriculum Development and Content Delivery in Nigeria. Online available at: http://quanesis.com/Nigcurriculum.pdf Retrieved 2/1/11
30. Ntibi, E., & Edoho, E. (2017). Influence of school location on Students attitude towards Mathematics and Basic Science. British Journal of Education. 5 (10) pp. 76-85.
31. Nwalado, E.,N (2018).Effect of Instructional Method and School Location on Students academic achievement In Social Studies In Delta State. Multidisciplinary Journal of Research Development, 27 2) pp 1-10.
32. Omwirhiren, E.,E. & Ibrahim, K., U. ( 2016). The Effects of Two Teachers’ Instructional Methods on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Chemistry in Selected Senior Secondary School in Kaduna Metropolis. Journal of Education and Practice. 7 (15), pp1-9.
33. Oredein, O. (2016).Effect of school variables on student academic performance in Calabar Municipal Area of Cross River State. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/effect-school-variables-student-academic-performance-calabar-oredein.Accessed June 13, 2017.
34. Opoku-Asare, N., A., Okyerewa, A. & Siaw, A., O. (2015). Rural–Urban Disparity in Students’ Academic Performance in Visual Arts Education: Evidence From Six Senior High Schools in Kumasi, Ghana. SAGE Open, December 2015: 1– 14 DOI: 10.1177/2158244015612523
35. Olawale, R. (2016).Education in Rural Nigeria: An Assessment. The Nigerian Voice. Retrieved from: https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/208058/education-in-rural-nigeria-an-assessment.html. Accessed April 15, 2020.
36. Oludipe, D. (2011). Developing Nigerian integrated science curriculum. Journal of Social Science and Environmental Management. 2, 134-145.
37. Omorogbe, E. & Ewansiha, J. C. (2013). The Challenge of Effective Science Teaching in Nigerian Secondary Schools. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2 ( 7 ), 181 -188
38. Program for International Students Assessment (2013). PISA in focus: what make urban schools different? Organization for Economic Co-operation & Development, 2013/05, p 1-4. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/pisainfocus/pisa%20in%20focus%20n28% 20(eng)--FINAL.pdf. Accessed June 16, 2017.
39. Rafiu, J., A. (2020).The Effect of Attitude on Student's Academic Performance in Cataloguing and Classification Course in Nigerian Polytechnics.
40. Proceedings of the 2020 The 3rd International Conference on Information Science and System, March 2020 PP 198–203 https://doi.org/10.1145/3388176.3388182
41. Ramos, R., & Duque, J., & Nieto, S. (2012). Decomposing the Rural-Urban Differential in Student Achievement in Colombia Using PISA Microdata. IZA Discussion Paper No. 6515 April 2012.
42. Ridding, S. & Walberg, H., J. (2012). Promoting Learning in Rural Schools. Center on Innovation & Improvement 121 N. Kickapoo Street Lincoln, Illinois 62656 217-732-6462. www.centerii.org
43. Samba, R., Achor, E., Josiah A. Ogbeba, J. (2010). Teachers’ awareness and utilization of innovative teaching strategies in secondary school science in Benue state, Nigeria. Educational Research, 1 (2), 032-038.
44. Tran. V., D. (2013).Theoretical Perspectives Underlying the Application of Cooperative Learning in Classrooms. International Journal of Higher Education, 2 (4), 101-115.
45. Umar, A. A. (2011). Effects of biology practical activities on students’ process skill acquisition in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. JOSTMED, 7(2), 118–126. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1035855.pdf.
46. Umar, U.S. & Samuel, R.I (2018) investigated School Location as Correlate of Students’ Achievement in Basic Science. International Journal of Innovative Education Research 6(3):14-17.
47. Uwameiye. B., E. (2016). Cooperative learning strategy and students’ academic achievement in Home Economics. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 5 (2),120-127.
48. Weeger, M. J. (2012). A comparison of the two theories of learning - Behavioral and Constructivism as applied to face - to - face and online learning. E - Leader, 3-10.
49. Yaduvanshi, S., & Singh, S. (2018). Effect of cooperative learning (STAD method) on Biology achievement of rural and urban students at secondary level. International Journal of Academic Research and Development. 3 (1), p 892-896
50. Olufemioladebinu, T., Adediran, A., A &. W.O. Oyediran, W., O. (2018). Factors Influencing the Academic Achievement of Students’ in Colleges of Education in Southwest, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Human Development September, 7 (3) pp. 109-115.
51. Opoku-Asare,N., A and Abena. S, (2015). Rural-Urban Disparity in Students Academic Performance in Visual Arts Education: Evidence From Six Senior High Schools in Kumasi, Ghana. SAGE Open. 5. 10.1177/2158244015612523.
2. Ahmed, M., A. & Abimbola, I., O. (2011). Influence of teaching experience and school location on biology teachers’ rating of the difficult levels of nutrition concepts in Ilorin, Nigeria. JOSTMED, 7 (2), 52-61.Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1035855.pdf.AccessedNovember 3, 2017.
3. Akinwumi, J., O. (2017). Effects of Gender and School Location on the Ekiti State Secondary Schools Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension in English Language. Journal of Education and Practice, .8 (5), pp 50-55.
4. Alokan, B., F & Arijesuyo, A., E (2013). Rural and Urban Differential in Student’s Academic Performance among Secondary School Students In Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Educational and Social Research3 (3):213-217
5. Amadi, E.A. (2018). Effects of two phonics instructional methods on primary school pupils’ achievement and interest in Reading. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka.
6. Amadi, E., A; Nnamani, A., P., Ukoha, E., O (2018). School Location as a Predictor of Achievement in Reading among Nigerian Learners of English as a Second Language Covenant Journal of Language Studies 6 (2), 65-73
7. Boyi, A., A. (2013). Education and Sustainable National Development in Nigeria: Challenges and way forward. Mediterranean Journal of Sciences 4(8), 147-152
8. Britwum, S., A. (2014).Discuss The Educational Implications Of The Behaviorist Theory In The Mathematics Classroom. Retrieved from: https://www.Academia.Edu/8953152/The_Educational_Implications_Of_The_Behaviourist_Theory_of_Learning. Accessed, November 4, 2019
9. Chopper, Z. (2010).Traditional Teaching Methods: How are they used in Education System? Retrieved from: http://zvavanhuchopper.blogspot.com.ng/2010/10/traditional-teaching-methods-how-are.html, Accessed February 21, 2018.
10. Çimer, A. (2012). What makes biology learning difficult and effective: Students’ views. Educational Research and Reviews 7(3), 61-71.
11. Dorleku, A. (2013). Teaching and learning in border towns: A study of four junior high schools along the Ghana-Togo Border (Master’s thesis). Department of General Art Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
12. Chianson, M., M. (2012). School Location as a correlate of Mathematics Students achievement in a Cooperative Learning Class. Journal of Education and Leadership Development, 4, pp 42-46.
13. Ekeanyanwu, S., N and Anene, J., N (2020). A Comparative Study of Cooperative and Conventional Learning Strategies on Academic Achievement of Students In Biology. International Journal of Education and Research 8 (10), pp 173-186.
14. Ekperi, P., Onwuka,U and Young, N., W (2019).Teachers’ Attitude As A Correlate Of Students’ Academic Performance. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. 3(1) pp 205 – 209.
15. Ferguson-Patrick, K. (2018). The importance of teacher role in cooperative learning: the effects of high-stakes testing on pedagogical approaches of early career teachers in primary schools, Education 3-13, 46:1, 89-101.
16. Filipatali, T. (2013). Learning Theories. Their Influence on Teaching Methods, Retrieved from: https://www.grin.com/document/293498. Accessed November 5,2019
17. Haliru, U. (2015). Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy on Geography students’ academic performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Sokoto State, Nigeria. thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Masters Degree (M.ed) in Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Retrieved from: http://kubanni.abu.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/7283. Accessed, April 13, 2020.
18. Ismail, S., A., A &, Allaq, K., A (2019). The Nature of Cooperative Learning and Differentiated Instruction Practices in English Classes https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019856450
19. Ja'afar-Furo, M., R., Abdullahi, Y., Badgal, B., E. (2014). Effects of Demonstration and Lecture methods of teaching Apiculture on Performance ff Agric Students in Adamawa State University, Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development .14 (2) 173-177
20. Johnson, D., W., & Johnson, R., T. (2009).Social Interdependence Theory. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&ved=2ahUKEwisz. Assessed February 25, 2019.
21. Johnson, D., W., & Johnson, R., T. (2012). Social Interdependence Theory In D. J. In Christie (Ed), Encyclopedia of Peace Psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley – Blackwell.
22. Kingdom-Aaron, G., I., Etokeren, I., S., and Okwelle, P. C.(2019). Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy on Biology Students’ Academic Performance in Senior Secondary School in Rivers State. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 23 (6), pp 1-11
23. Lak, M., Soleimani, H., & Parvaneh F. (2017). The Effect of Teacher-Centeredness Method vs. Learner-Centeredness Method on Reading Comprehension among Iranian EFL Learners. Journal of Advances in English Language Teaching, 5 (1), 1-10.
24. Leaving Certificate Examination (2013).Chief Examiner’s Report, Biology. Retrieved from: https://www.examinations.ie/archive/ examiners_reports/Chief_Examiners_Report_Biology_2013.pdf. Accessed April 20, 2017.
25. Lindsay, P. (2011). Abstract Teaching for a Concrete World: A Lesson from Plato. American Political Science Association, 44 (3), 605-610.
26. Lewis, B. (2019, November 13). What Is Cooperative Learning? Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-cooperative-learning-2081641.
27. Mathew, C. (2014). Learning Strategies, Age, Gender and School-location as Predictors of Students’ Achievement in Chemistry in Rivers State, Nigeria.Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. 4 (21); 212-128.
28. Mege, C., A. (2014). Influence of school environmental factors on teaching-learning process in public primary schools in Lower Nyokal Division, Homa-Bay District, Kenya. A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements the Degree of Master of Education in Educational Administration University of Nairobi.
29. Marinho, S. (2009). An Analysis of Curriculum Development and Content Delivery in Nigeria. Online available at: http://quanesis.com/Nigcurriculum.pdf Retrieved 2/1/11
30. Ntibi, E., & Edoho, E. (2017). Influence of school location on Students attitude towards Mathematics and Basic Science. British Journal of Education. 5 (10) pp. 76-85.
31. Nwalado, E.,N (2018).Effect of Instructional Method and School Location on Students academic achievement In Social Studies In Delta State. Multidisciplinary Journal of Research Development, 27 2) pp 1-10.
32. Omwirhiren, E.,E. & Ibrahim, K., U. ( 2016). The Effects of Two Teachers’ Instructional Methods on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Chemistry in Selected Senior Secondary School in Kaduna Metropolis. Journal of Education and Practice. 7 (15), pp1-9.
33. Oredein, O. (2016).Effect of school variables on student academic performance in Calabar Municipal Area of Cross River State. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/effect-school-variables-student-academic-performance-calabar-oredein.Accessed June 13, 2017.
34. Opoku-Asare, N., A., Okyerewa, A. & Siaw, A., O. (2015). Rural–Urban Disparity in Students’ Academic Performance in Visual Arts Education: Evidence From Six Senior High Schools in Kumasi, Ghana. SAGE Open, December 2015: 1– 14 DOI: 10.1177/2158244015612523
35. Olawale, R. (2016).Education in Rural Nigeria: An Assessment. The Nigerian Voice. Retrieved from: https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/208058/education-in-rural-nigeria-an-assessment.html. Accessed April 15, 2020.
36. Oludipe, D. (2011). Developing Nigerian integrated science curriculum. Journal of Social Science and Environmental Management. 2, 134-145.
37. Omorogbe, E. & Ewansiha, J. C. (2013). The Challenge of Effective Science Teaching in Nigerian Secondary Schools. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2 ( 7 ), 181 -188
38. Program for International Students Assessment (2013). PISA in focus: what make urban schools different? Organization for Economic Co-operation & Development, 2013/05, p 1-4. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/pisainfocus/pisa%20in%20focus%20n28% 20(eng)--FINAL.pdf. Accessed June 16, 2017.
39. Rafiu, J., A. (2020).The Effect of Attitude on Student's Academic Performance in Cataloguing and Classification Course in Nigerian Polytechnics.
40. Proceedings of the 2020 The 3rd International Conference on Information Science and System, March 2020 PP 198–203 https://doi.org/10.1145/3388176.3388182
41. Ramos, R., & Duque, J., & Nieto, S. (2012). Decomposing the Rural-Urban Differential in Student Achievement in Colombia Using PISA Microdata. IZA Discussion Paper No. 6515 April 2012.
42. Ridding, S. & Walberg, H., J. (2012). Promoting Learning in Rural Schools. Center on Innovation & Improvement 121 N. Kickapoo Street Lincoln, Illinois 62656 217-732-6462. www.centerii.org
43. Samba, R., Achor, E., Josiah A. Ogbeba, J. (2010). Teachers’ awareness and utilization of innovative teaching strategies in secondary school science in Benue state, Nigeria. Educational Research, 1 (2), 032-038.
44. Tran. V., D. (2013).Theoretical Perspectives Underlying the Application of Cooperative Learning in Classrooms. International Journal of Higher Education, 2 (4), 101-115.
45. Umar, A. A. (2011). Effects of biology practical activities on students’ process skill acquisition in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. JOSTMED, 7(2), 118–126. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1035855.pdf.
46. Umar, U.S. & Samuel, R.I (2018) investigated School Location as Correlate of Students’ Achievement in Basic Science. International Journal of Innovative Education Research 6(3):14-17.
47. Uwameiye. B., E. (2016). Cooperative learning strategy and students’ academic achievement in Home Economics. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 5 (2),120-127.
48. Weeger, M. J. (2012). A comparison of the two theories of learning - Behavioral and Constructivism as applied to face - to - face and online learning. E - Leader, 3-10.
49. Yaduvanshi, S., & Singh, S. (2018). Effect of cooperative learning (STAD method) on Biology achievement of rural and urban students at secondary level. International Journal of Academic Research and Development. 3 (1), p 892-896
50. Olufemioladebinu, T., Adediran, A., A &. W.O. Oyediran, W., O. (2018). Factors Influencing the Academic Achievement of Students’ in Colleges of Education in Southwest, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Human Development September, 7 (3) pp. 109-115.
51. Opoku-Asare,N., A and Abena. S, (2015). Rural-Urban Disparity in Students Academic Performance in Visual Arts Education: Evidence From Six Senior High Schools in Kumasi, Ghana. SAGE Open. 5. 10.1177/2158244015612523.
Published
2021-12-30
How to Cite
[1]
Ekeanyanwu, S. 2021. Effects of Conventional and Cooperative Learning Methods on Academic Achievement of Students in Biology Based on School Location. International Journal on Integrated Education. 4, 12 (Dec. 2021), 269-281. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17605/ijie.v4i12.2574.
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2021 Stella Ekeanyanwu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In submitting the manuscript to the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE), the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- The publication has been approved by the author(s) and by responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
