Analysis of Factors Responsible for Gender Gap in the Appointment of Vice-Chancellors in Universities in Nigeria
Keywords:
Appointment, Gender, Vice-Chancellors
Abstract
The paper looked at gender gap in appointment of the Vice-Chancellors in Universities in Nigeria. The paper employed both primary and secondary data. The secondary data were collected from print sources and online publications. The paper concluded by identifying low female academic representation in the appointment of University Heads (Vice-Chancellors) in Nigerian Universities. The paper identified cultural factors, poor implementation of gender policy on appointment of universities administrators; political influence, few female in the academia, low interest in leadership positions and weak institutions as factors that has contributed to low representation of female academics being appointed as Vice-Chancellors in Nigerian Universities. Based on these findings, the paper recommended that government should ensure gender policies are implemented in all the Universities in Nigeria in terms of appointments and selection of academic leaders especially Vice-Chancellors. Institutions established for ensuring gender equity should be strengthened with legislations to carry out their functions. Government should use social media and other socially accepted media to enlighten the populace and where it is expedient, challenge discriminatory gender norms, patriarchal practices, beliefs, early marriage practices and stereotypes that curtail girl education and female educational attainment in Nigeria.
References
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Ahmad, K., & Najeemah, B. M. (2013). Cultural traditions and practices of the parents as barriers to girl-child education in Zamfara State, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(11),1-8.
Akunga, A. (2010). Northern Nigeria: Approaches to enrolling girls in school and providing a meaningful education to empower change. E4 Conference: Dakar, Senegal.
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Dim, E. E., & Asomah, J. Y. (2015). Socio-demographic predictors of political participation among women in Nigeria: Insights from Afrobarometer 2015 data. Journal of Internationa Women’s Studies, Vol. 20. Retrieved on26/05/2023 from https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2096&context=jiws
Ekpe, D. E., Eja, A. E. & John, E. I. (2014). Women, gender equality in Nigeria: A Critical analysis of socioeconomic and political (gender issues). Journal Research in Peace, Gender and Development (JRPGD), 4(1), 15-20.
Isaksson, A.S., Kotsadam, A. & Nerman, M. (2014). The gender gap in African political participation: Testing theories of individual and contextual determinants. The Journal of Development Studies, 50(2), 302–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.833321
Kolawole, O.T., Adeigbe, K., Adebayo, A.A., & Abubakar M.B. (2013). Women participation in the political process in Nigeria. Centrepoint Journal (Humanities Edition), 2(15).
Lawan, M. A. & Muhammed, H., H. (2014). Investigating gender differences in Academic performance in Chemistry and Physics among NCE student of Sa’adatu Rimi collage of education kumbotso: Kano Journal of Educational Studies (KAJEST), 4 (1), 71-76
Mohammed A. & Zaid B.A. (2014). Women and political participation: Toward attainment of 35% affirmative action and obstacles to the women participation in Nigerian politics and decision making process. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 2(9), 65-71.
Nigeria's National Gender Policy (2008). Strategic framework (implementation plan). Federal Republic of Nigeria 2008 - 2013. Abuja. Nigeria 25. Nigerian University System Statistical Digest (2019).
Nigeria centenary country report on women (2013). Hundred years of the Nigerian woman: Story, successes and challenges.
Ndiyo, N. A. (2011). A dynamic analysis of education and economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Development Areas, 41(1), 1-16.
Nakpodia, E. D. & Urien, J. (2012). Gender discrimination in Nigerian school system. International Journal of Development and Management Review,1( 7),74-79.
Ngara, C.O. & Ayabam, A.T. (2013) Women in politics and decision making in Nigeria: Challenges and prospects. Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2(8), 47-58.
Kelly, L. (2019). Barriers and enablers for women’s participation in governance in Nigeria. Manchester:University of Manchester
Ogunode, N, J. & Salman, A. A. (2023). Gender imbalance in Nigerian university system. Nigeria-American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies, 1(2), 59-68.
Ogunode, N. J.(2023). Gender gap in the appointment of Universities administrators in Nigeria. Unpublished paper.
Ogunode, N. J. Ezema, O. & Ayoko,V. O. (2022). Problems faced by academic leaders in public higher institutions in Nigeria. Spanish Journal of Innovation and Integrity, 1(6), 214-224.
Ogunode N. J. (2020). Administration of public universities in Nigeria: Problems and solutions. Journal Sinestesia, 10(2), 98-109.
Ogunode N. J. & Ahmed, I. (2021). Challenges facing teaching and learning of gender education in Nigerian universities. International Journal for Intersectional Feminist Studies, 7(1), 19-32.
Ogunode, N. J, Lawan, A. & Yusuf, M. (2021). Perception of female students on the challenges facing women education at the University Level. Electronic Research Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 4, 24-36.
Ogunode, N. J. (2020a). An Investigation into the challenges preventing girl child from going to Universal Basic Education in Gwagwalada Area Council of F.C.T Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal for Intersectional Feminist Studies, 6(1), 33-45.
Ogunode, N. J., Haliru , S., Shehu, M. & Peter, T. (2023). Vice-Chancellors in Nigerian public universities: Roles, problems and way forward. Modern Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. (15), 12-24.
Ogunode, N. J., Atobauka, I. S. & Ayoko, V.O. (2023). University education politicisation in Nigeria: Implications and way forward. International Journal on Integrated Education, 6(1), 1-12.
Ogunode, N. J. & Agyo, A. A. (2022). Indigenisation of principal officers of tertiary institutions in Nigeria: Implications and way forward. International Journal on Integrated Education, 5(12), 72-81
Ogunode, J. N. & Ndubuisi, A. G. (2021a). An investigation on factors preventing girl-child from further education in rural areas in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Journal of Science and Education. 2(1), 30-38.
Ogunode, N. J. (2016). Issues and challenges of girl education in Nigeria. JESS, 1(2), 121-134.
Ogunode, N. J. & Solomon, A.T. (2021). Challenges facing girl child education in Nigeria and way forward. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History, 2(8), 40-50.
Ogunode, N. J. (2020). An Investigation into the challenges preventing girls child from going to Universal Basic Education in Gwagwalada Area Council of F.C.T, Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal for Intersectional Feminist Studies, 6(1-2), 33-45.
Okafor, E. E. & Akokuwebe, M. E. (2015). Women and leadership in Nigeria: Challenges and prospects. Developing Country Studies 5(4)
Okoronkwo-Chukwu, U. (2013). Female representation in Nigeria: The case of the 2011 general elections and the fallacy of 35% affirmative action. Research for Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 39-46.
Olorunda, S. A. & Ngunan A.N. (2011). The challenge of the gender gap in science and technology among undergraduate students: The case of University of Mkar: JORIND, (9)
Oluyemi, O. (undated). Monitoring participation of women in politics in Nigeria. Paper presented at National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, Abuja, Nigeria).
Omoregie, N. & Abraham, I. O. (2009). Persistent gender inequality in Nigeria education. Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria.
Sarkinfada, H. (2022). Assessment of factors influencing women in attending higher institutions in Sokoto state, Nigeria: Implications sociology of Education. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 16(9), 27-35.
Sarkinfada, H. & Rabo, U. M. (2022). The challenges faced by women professionals in the development of the Nigerian society. The International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies. http://www.internationaljournalcorner.com/index.php/theijhss/article/view/168675
Sarkinfada, H. (2020). Stakeholders perception of the contribution of women centres for continuing education to the socio-economic development of graduates in North-West Nigeria. Journal of Sociology and Education in Africa, 17(1), 50 – 60.
Sarkinfada, H. & Hussaini, M. (2019).Women participation in organisational activities in a democratic society as perceived by stakeholders in Northwest Nigeria. International Journal for Scientific Research and Management, (IJSRM), 7 (12), 1411-1448.
Shehu, B. & Sarkinfada, H. (2022). Influence of early marriage on academic performance of students of women centres in Bauchi state, Nigeria. AAN Journal of Education, Library and Information Science, 1(1),
ActionAid (2012).Transforming education for girls in Nigeria: Endline research summary. London: ActionAid.
ActionAid (2013). Stop violence against girls in school: Success Stories. ActionAid: London.
Agbalajobi, D.T. (2009). Women’s participation and the political process in Nigeria: Problems and prospects. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 4(2), 75- 82.
Ahmad, K., & Najeemah, B. M. (2013). Cultural traditions and practices of the parents as barriers to girl-child education in Zamfara State, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(11),1-8.
Akunga, A. (2010). Northern Nigeria: Approaches to enrolling girls in school and providing a meaningful education to empower change. E4 Conference: Dakar, Senegal.
Aina, O. I. (2012). Two halves make a whole gender at the crossroads of the Nigerian Development Agenda. An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at the Oduduwa Hall, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria on Tuesday 25th September, 2012.
British Council Nigeria (2012). Gender in Nigeria report 2012: Improving the lives of girls and women in Nigeria. Retrieved on 28/05/2023 from https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/british- council-gender-nigeria2012.pdf.
Dim, E. E., & Asomah, J. Y. (2015). Socio-demographic predictors of political participation among women in Nigeria: Insights from Afrobarometer 2015 data. Journal of Internationa Women’s Studies, Vol. 20. Retrieved on26/05/2023 from https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2096&context=jiws
Ekpe, D. E., Eja, A. E. & John, E. I. (2014). Women, gender equality in Nigeria: A Critical analysis of socioeconomic and political (gender issues). Journal Research in Peace, Gender and Development (JRPGD), 4(1), 15-20.
Isaksson, A.S., Kotsadam, A. & Nerman, M. (2014). The gender gap in African political participation: Testing theories of individual and contextual determinants. The Journal of Development Studies, 50(2), 302–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.833321
Kolawole, O.T., Adeigbe, K., Adebayo, A.A., & Abubakar M.B. (2013). Women participation in the political process in Nigeria. Centrepoint Journal (Humanities Edition), 2(15).
Lawan, M. A. & Muhammed, H., H. (2014). Investigating gender differences in Academic performance in Chemistry and Physics among NCE student of Sa’adatu Rimi collage of education kumbotso: Kano Journal of Educational Studies (KAJEST), 4 (1), 71-76
Mohammed A. & Zaid B.A. (2014). Women and political participation: Toward attainment of 35% affirmative action and obstacles to the women participation in Nigerian politics and decision making process. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 2(9), 65-71.
Nigeria's National Gender Policy (2008). Strategic framework (implementation plan). Federal Republic of Nigeria 2008 - 2013. Abuja. Nigeria 25. Nigerian University System Statistical Digest (2019).
Nigeria centenary country report on women (2013). Hundred years of the Nigerian woman: Story, successes and challenges.
Ndiyo, N. A. (2011). A dynamic analysis of education and economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Development Areas, 41(1), 1-16.
Nakpodia, E. D. & Urien, J. (2012). Gender discrimination in Nigerian school system. International Journal of Development and Management Review,1( 7),74-79.
Ngara, C.O. & Ayabam, A.T. (2013) Women in politics and decision making in Nigeria: Challenges and prospects. Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2(8), 47-58.
Kelly, L. (2019). Barriers and enablers for women’s participation in governance in Nigeria. Manchester:University of Manchester
Ogunode, N, J. & Salman, A. A. (2023). Gender imbalance in Nigerian university system. Nigeria-American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies, 1(2), 59-68.
Ogunode, N. J.(2023). Gender gap in the appointment of Universities administrators in Nigeria. Unpublished paper.
Ogunode, N. J. Ezema, O. & Ayoko,V. O. (2022). Problems faced by academic leaders in public higher institutions in Nigeria. Spanish Journal of Innovation and Integrity, 1(6), 214-224.
Ogunode N. J. (2020). Administration of public universities in Nigeria: Problems and solutions. Journal Sinestesia, 10(2), 98-109.
Ogunode N. J. & Ahmed, I. (2021). Challenges facing teaching and learning of gender education in Nigerian universities. International Journal for Intersectional Feminist Studies, 7(1), 19-32.
Ogunode, N. J, Lawan, A. & Yusuf, M. (2021). Perception of female students on the challenges facing women education at the University Level. Electronic Research Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 4, 24-36.
Ogunode, N. J. (2020a). An Investigation into the challenges preventing girl child from going to Universal Basic Education in Gwagwalada Area Council of F.C.T Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal for Intersectional Feminist Studies, 6(1), 33-45.
Ogunode, N. J., Haliru , S., Shehu, M. & Peter, T. (2023). Vice-Chancellors in Nigerian public universities: Roles, problems and way forward. Modern Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. (15), 12-24.
Ogunode, N. J., Atobauka, I. S. & Ayoko, V.O. (2023). University education politicisation in Nigeria: Implications and way forward. International Journal on Integrated Education, 6(1), 1-12.
Ogunode, N. J. & Agyo, A. A. (2022). Indigenisation of principal officers of tertiary institutions in Nigeria: Implications and way forward. International Journal on Integrated Education, 5(12), 72-81
Ogunode, J. N. & Ndubuisi, A. G. (2021a). An investigation on factors preventing girl-child from further education in rural areas in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Journal of Science and Education. 2(1), 30-38.
Ogunode, N. J. (2016). Issues and challenges of girl education in Nigeria. JESS, 1(2), 121-134.
Ogunode, N. J. & Solomon, A.T. (2021). Challenges facing girl child education in Nigeria and way forward. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History, 2(8), 40-50.
Ogunode, N. J. (2020). An Investigation into the challenges preventing girls child from going to Universal Basic Education in Gwagwalada Area Council of F.C.T, Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal for Intersectional Feminist Studies, 6(1-2), 33-45.
Okafor, E. E. & Akokuwebe, M. E. (2015). Women and leadership in Nigeria: Challenges and prospects. Developing Country Studies 5(4)
Okoronkwo-Chukwu, U. (2013). Female representation in Nigeria: The case of the 2011 general elections and the fallacy of 35% affirmative action. Research for Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 39-46.
Olorunda, S. A. & Ngunan A.N. (2011). The challenge of the gender gap in science and technology among undergraduate students: The case of University of Mkar: JORIND, (9)
Oluyemi, O. (undated). Monitoring participation of women in politics in Nigeria. Paper presented at National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, Abuja, Nigeria).
Omoregie, N. & Abraham, I. O. (2009). Persistent gender inequality in Nigeria education. Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria.
Sarkinfada, H. (2022). Assessment of factors influencing women in attending higher institutions in Sokoto state, Nigeria: Implications sociology of Education. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 16(9), 27-35.
Sarkinfada, H. & Rabo, U. M. (2022). The challenges faced by women professionals in the development of the Nigerian society. The International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies. http://www.internationaljournalcorner.com/index.php/theijhss/article/view/168675
Sarkinfada, H. (2020). Stakeholders perception of the contribution of women centres for continuing education to the socio-economic development of graduates in North-West Nigeria. Journal of Sociology and Education in Africa, 17(1), 50 – 60.
Sarkinfada, H. & Hussaini, M. (2019).Women participation in organisational activities in a democratic society as perceived by stakeholders in Northwest Nigeria. International Journal for Scientific Research and Management, (IJSRM), 7 (12), 1411-1448.
Shehu, B. & Sarkinfada, H. (2022). Influence of early marriage on academic performance of students of women centres in Bauchi state, Nigeria. AAN Journal of Education, Library and Information Science, 1(1),
Published
2023-07-06
How to Cite
[1]
Kingsley Edinoh, ODILI, Chizoba Abigail and NWAFOR, Anthony Chijoke 2023. Analysis of Factors Responsible for Gender Gap in the Appointment of Vice-Chancellors in Universities in Nigeria. International Journal on Integrated Education. 6, 7 (Jul. 2023), 32-41. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17605/ijie.v6i7.4580.
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