Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in lagos state
Abstract
The effect of COVID-19 has negative consequence which has been an invisible enemy raging the entire world populace leading to a global economic crisis. Business across the globe are feeling the negative outcome of the COVID 19 pandemic threatening their ongoing economic daily activities. SMEs in Nigeria are not left out in the share of this negative pandemic, limiting their survival existence. The shutdown of economic activities has greatly affected SMEs in Nigeria. This has led to employees under SMEs lose their jobs. It was concluded that adequate measures needs to be taken by government to cushion the negative effect of COVID 19 in collapsing the existence of SMEs.
References
Abramovitz, M. (2001). Everyone is still on welfare: The role of redistribution in social policy. Social Work, 46(4), 297-308.
Addi, R.A., Benskin, A., Amine, M and Cherkaour, M. (2020). Asymptomatic COVID-19 infections: The key to stopping COVID, journal of Clinical and Experimental investigation, 11(3), 1-2.
Adeniran, A. O., & Sidiq, B. O. (2018). Economic recession and the way-out: nigeria as case study. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 18(1), 181-192.
Ahmed, H. G., Alhassan, S. M., & Alshammari, F. D. (2017). Social welfare scheme; a neglected component of public health care services in Nigeria. MOJ Public Health,
(3), 101-104. 5. Aifuwa, H.O., Saidu, M and Aifuwa S.A. (2020). Coronavirus pandemic outbreak and firms performance in disguise. Retrieved fromhttp://www.researchgate.net/publication/341152.
Andersen, J. G. (2012). Welfare states and welfare state theory. Center for Comparative Welfare Studies, Working Paper.
Aregbeshola, B. S. (2016). Out-of-pocket payments in Nigeria. The Lancet, 387(10037), 2506.
Aregbeshola, B. S., & Khan, S. M. (2018a). Out-of-pocket payments, catastrophic health expenditure and poverty among households in Nigeria 2010. International journal of health policy and management, 7(9), 798.
Aregbeshola, B. S., & Khan, S. M. (2018b). Determinants of catastrophic health expenditure in Nigeria. The European Journal of Health Economics, 19(4), 521-532.
Arrow, K. J., Sen, A., & Suzumura, K. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of social choice and welfare (Vol. 2). Elsevier.
Carneiro, A., Portugal, P., & Varejão, J. (2014). Catastrophic job destruction during the Portuguese economic crisis. Journal of Macroeconomics, 39, 444-457.
Chauffour, J. P., & Farole, T. (2009). Trade finance in crisis: market adjustment or market failure? The World Bank.
Cheong, K. S. (2001). Economic crisis and income inequality in Korea. Asian Economic Journal, 15(1), 39- 60.
Di Quirico, R. (2010). Italy and the global economic crisis. Bulletin of Italian Politics, 2(2), 3-19.
Dolgoff, R., Feldstein, D., & Skolnik, L. (1980). Understanding social welfare (p. 91). New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Ewalt, J. A. G., & Jennings Jr, E. T. (2014). The Great Recession and social welfare spending in the American States. International Review of Public Administration, 19(3), 308-323.
Fatokun, O. (2016). Curbing the circulation of counterfeit medicines in Nigeria. The Lancet, 388(10060), 2603.
Fleurbaey, M., & Maniquet, F. (2011). A theory of fairness and social welfare (Vol. 48). Cambridge University Press.
Francois, J., & Woerz, J. (2009). The big drop: Trade and the Great Recession. The Great Trade Collapse: Causes, Consequences, and Prospects. VoxEU. org.
Gasiorowski, M. J. (1995). Economic crisis and political regime change: An event history analysis. American political science review, 89(4), 882-897.
Giannakis, E., & Bruggeman, A. (2017). Economic crisis and regional resilience: Evidence from Greece. Papers in Regional Science, 96(3), 451-476.
Glassman, J. (2001). Economic crisis in Asia: The case of Thailand. Economic Geography, 77(2), 122-147.
Jones, C. (2016). The credit crunch: short-term UK housing market correction or long-term tipping point? International Journal of Housing Policy, 16(1), 70-90.
Khang, Y. H., Lynch, J. W., & Kaplan, G. A. (2005). Impact of economic crisis on cause-specific mortality in South Korea. International journal of epidemiology, 34(6), 1291-1301.
Klantschnig, G., & Huang, C. (2019). Fake drugs: health, wealth and regulation in Nigeria. Review of African Political Economy, 46(161), 442-458.
Luenberger, D. G. (1996). Welfare from a benefit viewpoint. Economic Theory, 7(3), 445-462.
Morales, J. A., & Sachs, J. D. (1989). Bolivia's economic crisis. In Developing country debt and the world economy (pp. 57-80). University of Chicago Press.
Muhammad, F., Abdulkareem, J. H., & Chowdhury, A. A. (2017). Major public health problems in Nigeria: a review. South East Asia Journal of Public Health, 7(1), 6-11.
Ozili, P.K. and Arun, T.G. (2020). Spillover of COVID-19: impact on the Global Economy. Working paper.
Sanusi, L. S. (2010). The Nigerian Banking Industry: what went wrong and the way forward. Delivered at Annual Convocation Ceremony of Bayero University, Kano held on, 3(1), 2010.
Soininen, J., Puumalainen, K., Sjögrén, H., & Syrjä, P. (2012). The impact of global economic crisis on SMEs. Management Research Review.
World Health Organizations (WHO, 2020). WHO Director Generals pening ewmarks at the medicine briefing on COVID-19 on March 11, 2020. Retrieved from hhtp://www.who.int./dg/speeches/detail/who-directorgeneral-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-COVID-19.
Worldometers (2020). Global statistics on COVID-19 pandemic outbreak (Live). Retrieved from http;//worldometers.info/coronavirus
In submitting the manuscript to the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE), the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- The publication has been approved by the author(s) and by responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.