Parallel Descriptions of Ilokano and English Personal Pronouns: A Contrastive Analysis
Abstract
Personal pronouns are among the simplest grammatical features of the English language; however, learners still struggle translating this language unit from Ilokano to English. This study thus examined the structure, meanings, and usage of personal pronouns in both Ilokano and English languages as well as the contrastive structure in these two languages. This study employed a qualitative research design using contrastive analysis. The data used was from a qualified informant who confirmed the categorization of personal pronouns obtained from credible sources. Results showed that the two languages vary in terms of function, form and distribution depending on their social and linguistic environment. Their use of the personal pronouns also indicates a difference in the formality of language where Ilokano uses plural form in a formal conversation while the English language remains definite despite its formality. This result implies a contribution in the development of contextualized linguistic materials for Ilokano personal pronouns.
References
Alwan, A. J., & Fahainis, B. M. Y. (2019). Common errors made in learning English prepositions while writing essays by Iraqi students. Journal of Education and Practice, 10(32). DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-32-04
Astrero, E. T. (2017, June 20-22). Linguistic analysis of social relation in a political and religious discourse. DLSU Research Congress, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines. https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-congress-proceedings/2017/LCS/LCS-I-002.pdf
Beckner, C. (2009). The roles of acquisition and usage in morphological change. Berkeley Linguistics Society and the Linguistics Society of America, 35 (1), 1-12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v35i1.3593
Beckner, C., & Bybee, J. (2009). A Usage‐based account of constituency and reanalysis. Language Learning, 59, 27-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00534.x
Cresswell, A. (2007). Getting to ‘know’ connectors? Evaluating data-driven learning in a writing skills course. Corpora in the foreign language classroom (pp. 267-287). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401203906_018
De Castro, G. (2018). The role of second person pronouns in expressing social behavior: An undocumented case in Zamboanga Chavacano. Philippine Journal of Linguistics, 49, 26-40. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330467058_The_role_of_second_person_pronouns_in_expressing_social_behavior_An_undocumented_case_in_Zamboanga_ChavacanoComparison
Eka, D. (2008). Elements of grammar and mechanics of the English language. Uyo: Samuf (Nigeria) Limited.
Holmer, N. M. (1970). A historic-comparative analysis of the structure of the Basque language. Fontes linguae vasconum: Studia et documenta, 2(4), 5-40.
Kim, Y. T. (2009). Event construal and its linguistic encoding: Towards an extended semantic map model [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Oregon.
Nkopuruk, I. & Odusina, K.S. (2018). The English pronouns and their usage. Researchgate.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327542058_The_English_Pronouns_and_thier_usage
Prewitt-Freilino, J. & Caswell, T. (2011). The gendering of language: A comparison of gender equality in countries with gendered, natural gender, and genderless language. Sex Roles, 66, 268-281. DOI:10.1007/s11199-011-0083-5
Rubino, C. (2015). Language [Review of the me Types of reduplication: A case study of Bikol, by Veronika Mattes. Language, 91(4), 961-963. https://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/10_91.4Rubino.pdf
Rubino, C. (2000). Ilocano dictionary and grammar. University of Hawaii Press.
Tabula, R. V., & Salasac, C. S. (2015). Contrastive Analysis on Ilokano and English Personal Pronouns. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 19(1), 1-1.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v19i1.313
Tajareh, M.J. (2015). An overview of contrastive analysis hypothesis. DergiPark Akademik. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/713830
Van Gelderen, E. (2020). Pronouns. Oxford Bibliographies. https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199772810/obo-9780199772810-0143.xml
Copyright (c) 2023 Ria Bianca R. Caangay, Mary Rose J. Ponce
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In submitting the manuscript to the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE), the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- The publication has been approved by the author(s) and by responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
1.png)
