Geopolitics of Energy Pipelines: Case Study of TAPI and IP gas Pipelines
Abstract
This research is about the acute energy crisis being faced by Pakistan since decades. Energy crisis has exploited Pakistan economically, socially, domestically and internationally. As, gas is the cheapest source of energy production so IP and TAPI gas pipelines projects are of greatest significance for Pakistan and for South Asian and Central Asian regions, as well. Qualitative research method is used to conduct this research. This study will explain the history and current situation of IP and TAPI gas pipelines projects, along its feasibility aspects. This research will analyze that how IP and TAPI gas pipeline projects is valuable for Pakistan’s economy and to overcome energy crisis within Pakistan and within the region. Moreover, TAPI and IP gas pipeline project will prove to be a game changer as it has vast geo-strategic implication for the Central Asian states. TAPI gas pipeline project will become a source of energy transfer and will able to maintain cordial relations within Pakistan and India. These pipelines will become a major source of regional integration, economic interdependence and mutual cooperation.
References
Clover, C. (1999). Dreams of the Eurasian Heartland-The Reemergence of Geopolitics. Foreign Aff., 78, 9.
Guzzini, S. (2003). 'Self-fulfilling geopolitics'? or: the social production of foreign policy expertise in Europe. Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen.
Gökmen, S. R. (2010). Geopolitics and the study of International Relations. Middle East Technical University.-2010.–226 p.
Kolesnikova, O., & Gelbukh, A. (2010, November). Supervised machine learning for predicting the meaning of verb-noun combinations in Spanish. In Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 196-207). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Cahnman, W. J. (2017). Concepts of geopolitics. In Social Issues, Geopolitics, and Judaica (pp. 155-161). Routledge.
Williams, A. J., Jeffrey, A., McConnell, F., Megoran, N., Askins, K., Gill, N., ... & Pande, R. (2013).
Interventions in teaching political geography: Reflections on practice. Political Geography, 34, 24-34.
bp. (2012). bp Statistical Review of World Energy June 2012. British Petroleum June.
Berdikeeva, S.(2007). Turkmenistan's energy policy: risks and opportunities. Insight Turkey, 9(3), 123-135.
Mackinder, H. J. (1962). The Geographical Pivot of History” in Democratic Ideals and Reality.
Mackinder, H. J. (1904) The geographical pivot of history. Royal Geographical Society.
Olcott, M. B. (1998). The Caspian's false promise. Foreign Policy, 95-113.
Plocki, M.(2013) Thinking about Energy Differently in ADB Projects.
Maini, T. S., & Vaid, M. (2013). Roadblocks remain to TAPI pipeline construction. Oil and Gas Journal, 111, 15-22.
Ishaque, W., Qumber, G., & Shah, S. J. (2017). Prospects of Enduring Peace in Afghanistan: Avoiding Zero Sum Game in Af-Pak Region. Global Social Sciences Review, 2(2), 146-161.
Duta, A. E. (2017). THE NUCLEAR DETERRENCE IN SOUTH ASIA. In International Scientific Conference" Strategies XXI" (Vol. 1, p. 56). " Carol I" National Defence University.
Munir, M., Ahsan, M., & Zulfqar, S. (2013). Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline: Cost-benefit analysis. Journal of Political Studies, 20(2), 161.
Govt, O. P. (2015). Economic Survey 2015-16.
Anwar, J. (2010). An analysis of energy security using the partial equilibrium model: the case of Pakistan.
The Pakistan Development Review, 925-940.
Amber, K. P., & Ashraf, N. (2014, November). Energy outlook in Pakistan. In 2014 International Conference on Energy Systems and Policies (ICESP) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Sherman, J. (2009). The Afghan National Development Strategy: the right plan at the wrong time. Journal of Security Sector Management, 7(1), 1-9.
Weitz, R. (2015). US New Silk Road Initiative Needs Urgent Renewal. The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst, 24.
Petalas, C. (2016). The Deal with Iran is the Best-case Scenario the International Community Could Achieve in the Current Geopolitical Environment. AIR WAR COLLEGE MAXWELL AFB United States
Kerr, P. K., & Katzman, K.(2018, July). Iran Nuclear Agreement and US Exit. Congressional Research Service,[Library of Congress].
Shaoxian, L. (2015). Assessing the Impact of the Iran Comprehensive Nuclear Agreement. West Asia and Africa, (5), 3.
Copyright (c) 2020 Adil Rana Rajpoot, Sharyl Naeem
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In submitting the manuscript to the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE), the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- The publication has been approved by the author(s) and by responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
1.png)
