PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE CHEMICALS IN SUNFLOWER (Tithonia diversifolia) ROOTS
Keywords:
Tithonia diversifolia, phytochemicals, nutrients, chemicals
Abstract
Plants are the most available sources of nutrients and phytochemicals; they have also played an important role in the development of drugs and treatment of various ailments in many countries. Therefore, this study was carried out to ascertain the preliminary phytochemical screening of bioactive chemicals in wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) root. The solvents used for extraction includes: petroleum ether, methanol and distilled water. Results revealed that tannins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, glycosides, carbohydrates and protein were present in the aqueous extract; only saponins were not detected in the sample. Methanol and petroleum ether follow similar pattern as tannins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, glycosides, saponins carbohydrates and protein were all present in the sample. It was concluded that the extract contained several bioactive chemicals which could confer it the ability to have therapeutic or pharmacological effects on human and animals.
References
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7. Alagbe, J.O., Shittu, M.D and Eunice Abidemi Ojo (2020). Prospect of leaf extracts on the performance and blood profile of monogastric – A review. International Journal of Integrated Education. 3(7): 122-127.
8. Alagbe, J.O., Shittu, M.D., Bamigboye, S.O and Oluwatobi, A.O. (2019). Proximate and mineral composition of Pentadiplandra brazzeana stems bark. Electronic Research Journal of Engineering, Computer and Applied Sciences. 1(2019): 91-99.
9. Oluwafemi, R.A., Isiaka Olawale and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Recent trends in the utilization of medicinal plants as growth promoters in poultry nutrition- A review. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences. 4(1): 5-11.
10. Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation of Cymbopogon citratus oil on the haematology and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. Electronic Research Journal of Engineering, Computer and Applied Sciences. 2(2020): 127-141.
11. Alagbe, J.O and Adegbite Motunrade Betty (2019). Haematological and serum biochemical indices of starter broiler chicks fed aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca and Alchornea cordifolia bark mixture. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies. 1(1): 8-15
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13. Omokore, E.O and Alagbe, J.O. (2019). Efficacy of dried Phyllantus amarus leaf meal as an herbal feed additive on the growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of growing rabbits. International Journal of Academic Research and Development. 4(3): 97-104.
14. Alagbe, J.O and Soares, D.M. (2018). Effects of feeding different levels of Azolla pinnata, Polyalthia longifolia, Tithonia diversifolia, Moringa olifera, Azadiracta indica leaf meal infusion as an organic supplement on the performance and nutrient retention of growing grass cutters. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 8(1):01-11.
15. Takeda, Y.M., Tomonari, S., Masuda, H., Otsuka, K and Ashurmetov, O.A. (2008). A new phenolic glycoside from an Uzbek medicinal plant (Organum tyttanthum). Journal of Medicinal Plant. 62:71-74.
16. Varsha, S., Agrawal, R.C and Sonam, P. (2013). Phytochemical screening and determination of antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Glychrrhiza glabra root extracts. Journal of Environmental Research and Development. 7(4): 1552-1558.
17. Adisa, R.M., Choudhary, E.A., Adenoye, G.A. and Olorunsogo, O.O. (2010). Hypoglycaemic and biochemical properties of Cnestis ferruginea. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement Altern Med. 7: 185-194.
18. Cheeke, P. R. (2000). Actual and potential applications of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria saponins in human and animal nutrition. J Anim Sci. 77:1-10.
19. Chen, C. Y., Chang, F. R., Shih, Y. C., Hsieh, T. J., Chia, Y. C., Tseng, H. Y., et al (2000). Cytotoxic constituents of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. J. Nat. Prod. 63:1475–8.
20. Hollman, P.C. (2001). Evidence for health benefits of plant phenols: Local or systemic effects? J. Sci. Food Agric. 81: 842-852.
21. Vasudevan, M. D. and Sreekumari, S. (2007). Textbook of biochemistry for medical students. 5th Ed., Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. New Delhi, India, pp. 283-287, 309-313,318-320, 322.
22. Edeoga, H. O., Omosun, G., Uche, L. C. (2006). Chemical composition of Hyptis sauveolens and Ocimum gratissium hybrids from Nigerian Medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(10): 892-895.
23. Stafford, H. A. (1997). Roles of flavonoids in symbiotic and defence functions in legumes roots. The Botanical Review Interpreting Botanical Progress, pp.31.
24. Olaleye, M. T. (1997). The mineral elements proximate analysis, phytochemical screening and toxicants of vernonia amygelina (Etidot) and Marsdenia latifolia (Utasi)- unpublished, B. Sc. Project Biochemistry department, University of Uyo, Uyo.
25. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB.(2001). Carbohydrate and derived Products, drugs containing glycosides, drugs containing tannin Hs, lipids and protein alkaloids. Text book of Pharmacognosy, 7, edition, 2: 133-166
26. Kokate, C.K. (1994). Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th ed., Vallabh Prakasan, Delhi, 107-111.
27. Khandelwa,l K.R. (2008).Practical Pharmacognocy. 19th edition, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, p. 149-159.
28. Gibbs, R.D. (1974). Chemotaxonomy of Flowering Plants. Vol.1, McGill Queen’s University Press, Montreal and London.
29. Treare GE, Evans WC. (1985). Pharmacognosy 17th edn, Bahiv Tinal, London, 1985, 149
30. Peach K andTracey M.V.(1956). Modern methods of plant analysis. Vol. 3, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
31. Shashank bhatt, Dr. Suresh Dhyani.(2012). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Int. J. Curr. Pharma. Res. 4(1):87-89..
32. Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Performance, hematology and serum biochemical parameters of weaner rabbits fed different levels of fermented Lagenaria brevifora whole fruit extract. Advances in Research and Reviews, 2020, 1:5.
33. L.Kawini, M. Bora, S.N. Upadhyay, J. Hazra. ―Pharmacological Profile of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray: A Comprehensive Review‖. Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences‖, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 183-187, 2017
34. Akobundu IO, Agyakwa CW (1997). A Handbook of West African Weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (I.I.T.A.) Ibadan, Nigeria. 18: 76 – 79.
35. I.O. Oyewole, C.A. Ibidapo, D.O. Moronkola, A.O. Oduola, G.O. Adeoye, G.N. Anyasor, and J.A. Obansa. ―Anti-malarial and repellent activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) leaf extracts‖. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research ,vol. 2, pp. 171–175, 2008
36. O.B. Umar, R.D. Alex, E.E. Obukohwo. ―Phytochemical and proximate composition of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray‖. Annals. Food Science and Technology, vol.16, pp. 195–200, 2015
37. A.M Tagne, F.Marino and M. Cosentino. ―Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray as a medicinal plant: a comprehensive review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacotoxicology and clinical relevance‖, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 220, 28, Pages 94-116, June 2018.
38. K.S. Chukwuka, S. Ogunyemi, and I. Fawole. ―Ecological distribution of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl). A. Gray—a new exotic weed in Nigeria‖. Journal of Biological Science, vol. 7, pp. 709–719, 2007
39. M.S.H.Wahyuningsih, A.W. Mahardika, B. Arief, and H. Muhammad. ―Isolation and identification of potential cytotoxic compound from Kembang bulan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A Gray) leaves‖. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Pharmacy Science, vol. 7, pp. 298–301, 2015p
40. Robson Miranda da Gama, Marcelo Guimarães, Luiz Carlos de Abreu, José Armando-Junior. (2015). Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray dry flowers. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(9): 740-742.
41. Essiett, U. A. and Akpan, E. M. (2013). Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Constituents Of Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Adams and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray Stems (Asteraceae). Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology, and Life Sciences, March 2013; 2(4): 33-37.
42. Olutobi O, Olasupo I (2012). Phytochemical Screening and the Phytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray. International Journal of Biology. 4(3): 97/
43. Martinez MJA, Lazaro RM, Del Olmo LMB, Benito PB (2008). Anti-infectious activity in the anthemideae tribe. In: Atta-ur (Ed.). Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Vol. 35. Elsevier. pp. 445-516.
44. Doughari JH (2012). Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents. In: Rao, V. (Ed.), Phytochemicals- A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health, InTech, Shanghai. 538 pp.
45. Olatunji, A.K., Alagbe, J.O and Hammed, M.A. (2015). Effects of varying levels of Moringa olifera leaf meal on performance and blood profile of weaner rabbits. International Journal of Science and Research. 5(6):803-806.
2. Oluwafemi, R.A., Oluwayinka, E.O and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation of neem oil (Azadirachtia indica) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned rabbits. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience. 8(5): 6-10.
3. Alagbe, J.O., Sharma, R., Eunice Abidemi Ojo, Shittu, M.D and Bello Kamoru Atanda (2020). Chemical evaluation of the proximate, minerals, vitamins and phytochemical analysis of Daniellia oliveri stem bark. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies, 2(1):16-22.
4. Akintayo Balogun Omolere. M and Alagbe, J.O (2020). Probiotics and medicinal plants in poultry nutrition: A review. United International Journal for Research and Technology, 2(1): 7-13.
5. Musa, B., Alagbe, J.O., Adegbite Motunrade Betty, Omokore, E.A. (2020). Growth performance, caeca microbial population and immune response of broiler chicks fed aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca and Alchornea cordifolia stem bark mixture. United Journal for Research and Technology, 2(2):13-21.
6. Olafadehan, O.A., Oluwafemi, R.A and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Carcass quality, nutrient retention and caeca microbial population of broiler chicks administered Rolfe (Daniellia oliveri) leaf extract as an antibiotic alternative. Journal of Drug Discovery. 14(33):146-154.
7. Alagbe, J.O., Shittu, M.D and Eunice Abidemi Ojo (2020). Prospect of leaf extracts on the performance and blood profile of monogastric – A review. International Journal of Integrated Education. 3(7): 122-127.
8. Alagbe, J.O., Shittu, M.D., Bamigboye, S.O and Oluwatobi, A.O. (2019). Proximate and mineral composition of Pentadiplandra brazzeana stems bark. Electronic Research Journal of Engineering, Computer and Applied Sciences. 1(2019): 91-99.
9. Oluwafemi, R.A., Isiaka Olawale and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Recent trends in the utilization of medicinal plants as growth promoters in poultry nutrition- A review. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences. 4(1): 5-11.
10. Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation of Cymbopogon citratus oil on the haematology and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. Electronic Research Journal of Engineering, Computer and Applied Sciences. 2(2020): 127-141.
11. Alagbe, J.O and Adegbite Motunrade Betty (2019). Haematological and serum biochemical indices of starter broiler chicks fed aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca and Alchornea cordifolia bark mixture. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies. 1(1): 8-15
12. Alagbe, J.O (2019). Proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis of Piliostigma thonningii stems bark and roots. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies, 1(1): 1-7.
13. Omokore, E.O and Alagbe, J.O. (2019). Efficacy of dried Phyllantus amarus leaf meal as an herbal feed additive on the growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of growing rabbits. International Journal of Academic Research and Development. 4(3): 97-104.
14. Alagbe, J.O and Soares, D.M. (2018). Effects of feeding different levels of Azolla pinnata, Polyalthia longifolia, Tithonia diversifolia, Moringa olifera, Azadiracta indica leaf meal infusion as an organic supplement on the performance and nutrient retention of growing grass cutters. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 8(1):01-11.
15. Takeda, Y.M., Tomonari, S., Masuda, H., Otsuka, K and Ashurmetov, O.A. (2008). A new phenolic glycoside from an Uzbek medicinal plant (Organum tyttanthum). Journal of Medicinal Plant. 62:71-74.
16. Varsha, S., Agrawal, R.C and Sonam, P. (2013). Phytochemical screening and determination of antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Glychrrhiza glabra root extracts. Journal of Environmental Research and Development. 7(4): 1552-1558.
17. Adisa, R.M., Choudhary, E.A., Adenoye, G.A. and Olorunsogo, O.O. (2010). Hypoglycaemic and biochemical properties of Cnestis ferruginea. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement Altern Med. 7: 185-194.
18. Cheeke, P. R. (2000). Actual and potential applications of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria saponins in human and animal nutrition. J Anim Sci. 77:1-10.
19. Chen, C. Y., Chang, F. R., Shih, Y. C., Hsieh, T. J., Chia, Y. C., Tseng, H. Y., et al (2000). Cytotoxic constituents of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. J. Nat. Prod. 63:1475–8.
20. Hollman, P.C. (2001). Evidence for health benefits of plant phenols: Local or systemic effects? J. Sci. Food Agric. 81: 842-852.
21. Vasudevan, M. D. and Sreekumari, S. (2007). Textbook of biochemistry for medical students. 5th Ed., Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. New Delhi, India, pp. 283-287, 309-313,318-320, 322.
22. Edeoga, H. O., Omosun, G., Uche, L. C. (2006). Chemical composition of Hyptis sauveolens and Ocimum gratissium hybrids from Nigerian Medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(10): 892-895.
23. Stafford, H. A. (1997). Roles of flavonoids in symbiotic and defence functions in legumes roots. The Botanical Review Interpreting Botanical Progress, pp.31.
24. Olaleye, M. T. (1997). The mineral elements proximate analysis, phytochemical screening and toxicants of vernonia amygelina (Etidot) and Marsdenia latifolia (Utasi)- unpublished, B. Sc. Project Biochemistry department, University of Uyo, Uyo.
25. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB.(2001). Carbohydrate and derived Products, drugs containing glycosides, drugs containing tannin Hs, lipids and protein alkaloids. Text book of Pharmacognosy, 7, edition, 2: 133-166
26. Kokate, C.K. (1994). Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th ed., Vallabh Prakasan, Delhi, 107-111.
27. Khandelwa,l K.R. (2008).Practical Pharmacognocy. 19th edition, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, p. 149-159.
28. Gibbs, R.D. (1974). Chemotaxonomy of Flowering Plants. Vol.1, McGill Queen’s University Press, Montreal and London.
29. Treare GE, Evans WC. (1985). Pharmacognosy 17th edn, Bahiv Tinal, London, 1985, 149
30. Peach K andTracey M.V.(1956). Modern methods of plant analysis. Vol. 3, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
31. Shashank bhatt, Dr. Suresh Dhyani.(2012). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Int. J. Curr. Pharma. Res. 4(1):87-89..
32. Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Performance, hematology and serum biochemical parameters of weaner rabbits fed different levels of fermented Lagenaria brevifora whole fruit extract. Advances in Research and Reviews, 2020, 1:5.
33. L.Kawini, M. Bora, S.N. Upadhyay, J. Hazra. ―Pharmacological Profile of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray: A Comprehensive Review‖. Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences‖, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 183-187, 2017
34. Akobundu IO, Agyakwa CW (1997). A Handbook of West African Weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (I.I.T.A.) Ibadan, Nigeria. 18: 76 – 79.
35. I.O. Oyewole, C.A. Ibidapo, D.O. Moronkola, A.O. Oduola, G.O. Adeoye, G.N. Anyasor, and J.A. Obansa. ―Anti-malarial and repellent activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) leaf extracts‖. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research ,vol. 2, pp. 171–175, 2008
36. O.B. Umar, R.D. Alex, E.E. Obukohwo. ―Phytochemical and proximate composition of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray‖. Annals. Food Science and Technology, vol.16, pp. 195–200, 2015
37. A.M Tagne, F.Marino and M. Cosentino. ―Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray as a medicinal plant: a comprehensive review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacotoxicology and clinical relevance‖, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 220, 28, Pages 94-116, June 2018.
38. K.S. Chukwuka, S. Ogunyemi, and I. Fawole. ―Ecological distribution of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl). A. Gray—a new exotic weed in Nigeria‖. Journal of Biological Science, vol. 7, pp. 709–719, 2007
39. M.S.H.Wahyuningsih, A.W. Mahardika, B. Arief, and H. Muhammad. ―Isolation and identification of potential cytotoxic compound from Kembang bulan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A Gray) leaves‖. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Pharmacy Science, vol. 7, pp. 298–301, 2015p
40. Robson Miranda da Gama, Marcelo Guimarães, Luiz Carlos de Abreu, José Armando-Junior. (2015). Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray dry flowers. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(9): 740-742.
41. Essiett, U. A. and Akpan, E. M. (2013). Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Constituents Of Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Adams and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray Stems (Asteraceae). Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology, and Life Sciences, March 2013; 2(4): 33-37.
42. Olutobi O, Olasupo I (2012). Phytochemical Screening and the Phytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray. International Journal of Biology. 4(3): 97/
43. Martinez MJA, Lazaro RM, Del Olmo LMB, Benito PB (2008). Anti-infectious activity in the anthemideae tribe. In: Atta-ur (Ed.). Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Vol. 35. Elsevier. pp. 445-516.
44. Doughari JH (2012). Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents. In: Rao, V. (Ed.), Phytochemicals- A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health, InTech, Shanghai. 538 pp.
45. Olatunji, A.K., Alagbe, J.O and Hammed, M.A. (2015). Effects of varying levels of Moringa olifera leaf meal on performance and blood profile of weaner rabbits. International Journal of Science and Research. 5(6):803-806.
Published
2020-12-08
How to Cite
[1]
Ahmed, S.O 2020. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE CHEMICALS IN SUNFLOWER (Tithonia diversifolia) ROOTS. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 103-108. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17605/ijie.v3i12.942.
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