The Role of Islam and Muslim Clergy in Economical Life of Central Asian Khanates
The author of the article joins the discussion on the assessment of the development of social-economical life of the Bukhara, Khiva and Kokand khanates at that era. Based on the analysis of the changes in internal life and international trade of the khanates. The article contains an analysis of the main changes made the development of social-economical life of Central Asian khanates and in its ruling according to Islam’s laws. Attention is drawn to the trends of weakening the repressiveness of clergymen’s participation in trade activity, as well as other representatives of clergy.
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Agzamova, G. 2021. The Role of Islam and Muslim Clergy in Economical Life of Central Asian Khanates. International Journal on Integrated Education. 4, 11 (Nov. 2021), 64–68. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v4i11.2373.
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2. Vyatkin V.L. Sheykhi Juybari // V.V. Bartoldu turkestanskie druz’ya, ucheniki i pochitateli. Tashkent, 1927. С.18.
3. Abulabbos. Matlab ut-tolibin. Manuscript # 61. P.22-a // Ibrohimov A. XVI asr o’zbek adabiyotning asosiy khususiyatlari. P. 25.
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5. Mann is equal to 25,6 kg (See: Davidovich E.A. Materiali po metrologii srednevekovoy Sredney Azii. M., 1970.P. 87).
6. Akhmedov B.A. Istoriko-geograficheskaya literatura Sredney Azii XV – XVIII vv. Tashkent, 1985. P. 190.
7. Tetevrevnikov А.N., Ocherk vnutrenney tyorgovli kirgizkoy stepi. Sankt-Peterburg, 1867. P. 307.
8. Grebenkin A. Тadzhiki // Russkiy Turkestan. 1872. Vol. II. P.26.
9. Stateyniy spisok posol’stva Ivana Khokhlova // Sbornik knyazya Khilkova. Spb., 1879. P.402.
10. Materiali po istorii Uzbekskoy, Tadzhikskoy i Turkmenskoy SSR. Moscow - Leningrad., 1932. P.139.
11. Borns A. Puteshestvie v Bukharu: rasskaz o plavanii po Indu ot moray s podarkami Velikobritanskogo korolya I otchyot o puteshestvii iz Indii v Kabul, Tatariyu i Persiyu, predprinyatom v 1831, 1832 i 1833 godakh leytenantom ost-indskoy sluzhbi Aleksandrom Bornsom. Moscow, 1848-1849.
12. Jenkinson A. Puteshestvie v Srednyuyu Aziyu 1558-1560 gg. // Angliyskie puteshestvenniki v Moskovskom gosudarstve v XVI v. / Translated from English bu Yu.V. Got’e. Moscow, 1938. P.173.
13. Vambery A. Puteshestvie po Sredney Azii (Iz Tegerana cherez turkmenskuyu pustinyu po vostochnomu beregu Kaspiyskogo morya v Khivu, Bukharu I Samarkand predprinyatoe v 1863 godu s nauchnoy tcel’yu po porucheniyu vengerskoy akademii v Peshte, chlenom eya A.Vambery). Moscow, 1867. P.137.
14. Nalivkin V., Nalivkina M. Ocherl bita zhenshchin osedlogo tuzemnogo naseleniya Fergani. Kazan, 1886. P.6.
15. Mir Muhammad Amin-I Bukhari. Ubaudullaname/Translated from Tajik by A.A. Semenov. Tashkent, 1957. P.25
16. Urinboev A., Buriev O. Toshkent Mukhammad Solih tavsifida. Tashkent, 1983. P.40; Muhammadjonov A.R. Qadimgi Toshkent. Tarikhiy va arkheologik lavhalar. Toshkent, 1988. P.59.
17. Kalmikov A. Khiva // Protokoli zasedaniy I soobshcheniy chlenov Turkestanskogo kruzhka lyubiteley arkheologii. Tashkent, 1908. P.69.
18. Malitckiy N.G. Tashkentskaya makhalla i mauza // V.V. Bartoldu turkestanskie druz’ya, ucheniki i pochitateli. Tashkent, 1926. P. 112-121.
19. Mirza Badi-divan. Madjma al-arkam ….P.92.
20. Meyendorf E.K. Puteshestvie iz Orenburga v Bukharu. Moscow, 1975. P.143.
21. Jenkinson A. Puteshestvie v Srednyuyu Aziyu 1558-1560 gg… P.182
22. Zapiski o Bukharskom khanstve (Otchyoti P.I. Demezona i I.V. Vitkevicha). Moscow, 1983. P. 60.
23. Meyendorf E.K. Puteshestvie iz Orenburga v Bukharu.…P.137.
24. Kostenko L. Gorod Khiva v 1873 godu // Turkestanskiy sbornik. Sankt -Petersburg, 1872. T.82. P.336; Kalmikov A. Khiva // Protokoli zasedaniy i soobshcheniy chlenov Turkestanskogo kruzhka lyubiteley arkheologii. Tashkent, 1908. P.55. Sattar-khan Abdul Gafarov. Kratkiy ocherk vnutrennego postroeniya Kokandskogo khanstva pered zavoevaniem ego russkimi // Turkestanskie vedomosti, 1982. # 26. P.108.
25. Sattar-khan Abdul Gafarov….P.108.
26. Semyonov A.A. Ocherk ustroystva tcentral’nogo administrativnogo upravleniya Bukharskogo khanstva pozdneyshego vremeni. Materiali po istorii tadzhikov i uzbekov Sredney Azii // Trudi Akademii nauk Tadzh.SSR. Stalinabad, 1954. Tom. XXV, Vip. II. P.44.
27. Kalmikov A. Khiva …P.55
28. Khanikov N. Gorodskoe upravlenie v Sredney Azii….P.79.
29. Nazarov F. Zapiski o nekotorikh narodakh i zemlyakh Sredney Azii. Moscow, 1968. P.52.
30. Muhammad Safi Ansari. Dastur al-milk (Ustav dlya gosudarey) / Translated bu A.B. Vildanova. Tashkent, 1991. P.73.
31. Sattar-khan Abdul Gafarov….P.108
2. Vyatkin V.L. Sheykhi Juybari // V.V. Bartoldu turkestanskie druz’ya, ucheniki i pochitateli. Tashkent, 1927. С.18.
3. Abulabbos. Matlab ut-tolibin. Manuscript # 61. P.22-a // Ibrohimov A. XVI asr o’zbek adabiyotning asosiy khususiyatlari. P. 25.
4. Ivanov P.P. Khozyaqstvo djuybarskikh sheykhov. K istorii feodalnogo zemlevladeniya v Sredney Azii v XVI – XVII vv. / Translated by E.Bertels. Moscow – Leningrad, 1954, P.63..
5. Mann is equal to 25,6 kg (See: Davidovich E.A. Materiali po metrologii srednevekovoy Sredney Azii. M., 1970.P. 87).
6. Akhmedov B.A. Istoriko-geograficheskaya literatura Sredney Azii XV – XVIII vv. Tashkent, 1985. P. 190.
7. Tetevrevnikov А.N., Ocherk vnutrenney tyorgovli kirgizkoy stepi. Sankt-Peterburg, 1867. P. 307.
8. Grebenkin A. Тadzhiki // Russkiy Turkestan. 1872. Vol. II. P.26.
9. Stateyniy spisok posol’stva Ivana Khokhlova // Sbornik knyazya Khilkova. Spb., 1879. P.402.
10. Materiali po istorii Uzbekskoy, Tadzhikskoy i Turkmenskoy SSR. Moscow - Leningrad., 1932. P.139.
11. Borns A. Puteshestvie v Bukharu: rasskaz o plavanii po Indu ot moray s podarkami Velikobritanskogo korolya I otchyot o puteshestvii iz Indii v Kabul, Tatariyu i Persiyu, predprinyatom v 1831, 1832 i 1833 godakh leytenantom ost-indskoy sluzhbi Aleksandrom Bornsom. Moscow, 1848-1849.
12. Jenkinson A. Puteshestvie v Srednyuyu Aziyu 1558-1560 gg. // Angliyskie puteshestvenniki v Moskovskom gosudarstve v XVI v. / Translated from English bu Yu.V. Got’e. Moscow, 1938. P.173.
13. Vambery A. Puteshestvie po Sredney Azii (Iz Tegerana cherez turkmenskuyu pustinyu po vostochnomu beregu Kaspiyskogo morya v Khivu, Bukharu I Samarkand predprinyatoe v 1863 godu s nauchnoy tcel’yu po porucheniyu vengerskoy akademii v Peshte, chlenom eya A.Vambery). Moscow, 1867. P.137.
14. Nalivkin V., Nalivkina M. Ocherl bita zhenshchin osedlogo tuzemnogo naseleniya Fergani. Kazan, 1886. P.6.
15. Mir Muhammad Amin-I Bukhari. Ubaudullaname/Translated from Tajik by A.A. Semenov. Tashkent, 1957. P.25
16. Urinboev A., Buriev O. Toshkent Mukhammad Solih tavsifida. Tashkent, 1983. P.40; Muhammadjonov A.R. Qadimgi Toshkent. Tarikhiy va arkheologik lavhalar. Toshkent, 1988. P.59.
17. Kalmikov A. Khiva // Protokoli zasedaniy I soobshcheniy chlenov Turkestanskogo kruzhka lyubiteley arkheologii. Tashkent, 1908. P.69.
18. Malitckiy N.G. Tashkentskaya makhalla i mauza // V.V. Bartoldu turkestanskie druz’ya, ucheniki i pochitateli. Tashkent, 1926. P. 112-121.
19. Mirza Badi-divan. Madjma al-arkam ….P.92.
20. Meyendorf E.K. Puteshestvie iz Orenburga v Bukharu. Moscow, 1975. P.143.
21. Jenkinson A. Puteshestvie v Srednyuyu Aziyu 1558-1560 gg… P.182
22. Zapiski o Bukharskom khanstve (Otchyoti P.I. Demezona i I.V. Vitkevicha). Moscow, 1983. P. 60.
23. Meyendorf E.K. Puteshestvie iz Orenburga v Bukharu.…P.137.
24. Kostenko L. Gorod Khiva v 1873 godu // Turkestanskiy sbornik. Sankt -Petersburg, 1872. T.82. P.336; Kalmikov A. Khiva // Protokoli zasedaniy i soobshcheniy chlenov Turkestanskogo kruzhka lyubiteley arkheologii. Tashkent, 1908. P.55. Sattar-khan Abdul Gafarov. Kratkiy ocherk vnutrennego postroeniya Kokandskogo khanstva pered zavoevaniem ego russkimi // Turkestanskie vedomosti, 1982. # 26. P.108.
25. Sattar-khan Abdul Gafarov….P.108.
26. Semyonov A.A. Ocherk ustroystva tcentral’nogo administrativnogo upravleniya Bukharskogo khanstva pozdneyshego vremeni. Materiali po istorii tadzhikov i uzbekov Sredney Azii // Trudi Akademii nauk Tadzh.SSR. Stalinabad, 1954. Tom. XXV, Vip. II. P.44.
27. Kalmikov A. Khiva …P.55
28. Khanikov N. Gorodskoe upravlenie v Sredney Azii….P.79.
29. Nazarov F. Zapiski o nekotorikh narodakh i zemlyakh Sredney Azii. Moscow, 1968. P.52.
30. Muhammad Safi Ansari. Dastur al-milk (Ustav dlya gosudarey) / Translated bu A.B. Vildanova. Tashkent, 1991. P.73.
31. Sattar-khan Abdul Gafarov….P.108
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