Sources of Stress among Pre-Service Language Teachers: A Quantitative Investigation
Abstract
This study investigated the sources of stress of 61 Pre-service Language Teachers in Western Mindanao State University using the Undergraduate Sources of Stress (USOS) Questionnaire developed by Blackmore and Jones (2005). A descriptive-quantitative design was utilized to determine these sources of stress and to identify whether there is a significant difference in the sources of stress across genders. The results and findings of the study showed that academic-related concerns are the main sources of stress for the majority of pre-service language teachers. Also, it appeared that male and female respondents do not significantly differ in their sources of stress. These findings contributed new insights with regards to the scarcity of studies conducted which aimed to determine the sources of stress among undergraduate students, specifically, among Preservice Language Teachers in the Philippines.
References
Acosta-Gómez, M. G., Roca-Chiapas, J. M., Zavala-Bervena, A., Rivera-Cisneros, A. E., Reyes-Pérez, V., Rodrigues, C. D. S., & Novack, K. (2018). Stress in High School Students. Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 1(1).
Agha, S., Al Farhan, A. I., Althubaiti, A., Bamuhair, S. S., Ibrahim, O., Rahman, S. (2015). Sources of Stress and Coping Strategies among Undergraduate Medical Students Enrolled in a Problem-Based Learning Curriculum. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Biomedical Education, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2015/575139
Ahmad, N., Khan, Z., & Lanin, A. B. (2015). The Level of Stress in Male and Female School Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(13).
Albor, Y., Alonso, J., Auerbach, R. P., Bantjes, J., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D., Hasking, P., Karyotaki, E., Kessler, R. C., Kiekens, G., Lee, S., Mak, A., McLafferty, M., Mortier, P., Sampson, N. A., Stein, D. J., & Vilagut, G. (2020). Sources of Stress and Their Associations with mental Disorders among College Students: Results of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Initiative. Frontier in Psychology, 1-2. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01759
Alghamdi, S., Aljabri, S., Alzebali, R., Alkunaidiri, N., Jafari, G., & Kalantan, N. (2019). Sources of Stress Among Undergraduate Nursing Students. Global Journal of Health Science, 11(9), 1916-9744. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v11n9p116
Al-Tarawneh, A. A. & Kahtoon, N. (2014). Sources of stress among Jordanian college students: A case study of Mutah university. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 5(6), 735-737.
Ananda, A. K., Dixit, R., Diwan, J., Shah, C., & Trivedi, R. S. (2009). Common Stressors And Coping Of Stress By Medical Students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 3(4), 1621-1626.
Aydin, B., & Kaya, A. (2016). Sources of Stress for Teachers Working in Private and Elementary Schools and Methods of Coping with Stress. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(12), 186-195. doi:10.13189/ujer.2016.041324
Bayrakdaroglu, Y., & Hekim, H. (2020). Examination of Pre-Service Teachers’ Stress Levels towards Academic Expectations and Goal Commitment in Terms of Various Variables. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 6(3), 462-463. doi:10.20448/journal.522.2020.63.461.467
Bedewy, D., & Gabriel, A. (2015). Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources among university students: The perception of Academic Stress Scale. Health Psychology Open, 1-9. doi:10.1177/2055102915596714
Benau, E., & Votta, R. (2014). Sources of stress for pharmacy students in a nationwide sample. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 675-681. doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2014.05.002
Blackmore, AM., & Jones, B. J. (2005). Development of the Undergraduate Sources of Stress Questionnaire. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 12(3), 99-105.
Bowen, A. (2016). Sources of Stress: Perceptions of South African TESOL Teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(5), 1205-1213. doi:10.13189/ujer.2016.040534
Bulo, J., & Sanchez, M. (2014). Sources of Stress among College Students . CVCITC Research Journal, 1(1), 16-25.
Bulut, A., Müdüroğlu, R., & Tuncay, N. (2020). Educational Stress, Social Stress, and Gender Difference among University Students. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in the World, 10(2).
Byrley, A. (2016). A Quantitative Study of the Source of Stress for First Generation Freshman Female College Students. Masters Theses, 1-2.
Dhumale, G., Gore, A., Kadam, Y., & Waghachavare, V. (2013). A Study of Stress among Students of Professional Colleges from an Urban Area in India. Clinical & Basic Research, 13(3), 429-436.
Donnellan, C., Feeney, C., Hussey, J., & Walsh, J. M. (2010). Sources of stress and psychological morbidity among undergraduate physiotherapy students. Chartered Society of Physiotherapy., 206-212. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2010.01.005
Essilfie, G., & Kwaah, C. Y. (2017). Stress and Coping Strategies Among Distance Education Students at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 18(3).
Giri, D., Giri, N., Kamait, L. B., Marla, V., & Singh, V. P. (2014). Perceived Source of Stress Among Undergraduate Dental Students at BPKIHS, Nepal. International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), 1(5), 309-316.
Gray, M., Oprescu, F., Pitt, A., & Tapia, G. (2017). An exploratory study of students’ weekly stress level and sources of stress during semester. Active Learning in Higher Education, 1-15. doi:10.1177/146978741773
Gupta, R., Jones, S., Mandy, A., & Tucker, B. (2006). Physiotherapy students’ sources of stress, perceived course difficulty, and paid employment: Comparison between Western Australia and United Kingdom. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 22(6), 317-328. doi:10.1080/09593980601059550
Gutierrez, D., & Mullen, P. R. (2016). Burnout, Stress and Direct Student Services Among School Counselors. The Professional Counselor, 6(4), 344–359. doi:10.15241/pm.6.4.344
Hamaideh, & Shaher, H. (2009). Stressors and Reactions to Stressors Among University Students. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 7(1), 69-70. doi:10.1177/0020764009348442
Hashim, H. I., & Zhiliang, Y. (2003). Cultural and gender differences in perceiving stressors: a cross-cultural investigation of African and Western students in Chinese colleges. Stress and Health, 217–225. doi:10.1002/smi.978
Hatunoglu, B. Y. (2020). Stress coping strategies of university students. Cypriot Journal of Educational, 15(5), 1320-1336. doi:10.18844/cjes.v15i5.5171
Healthline. (2020). Causes of Stress: Recognizing and Managing Your Stressors. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/stress-causes
Hoi, D. D., Luong, T., Son, H. V., Thien, D. T., & Vu, G. T. (2019). The Stress Problems and the Needs for Stress Counseling of High School Students in Vietnam. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 1053-1061. doi:10.12973/eu-jer.8.4.1053
İhtiyaroğlu, N., & Ateş, O. T. (2018). Analyzing the Relationship between the Students’ Stress-Coping Styles and School. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 4(4), 371-379. doi:10.20448/journal.522.2018.44.371.379
Jang, S., & Lee, J. (2015). An Exploration of Stress and Satisfaction in College Students. Services Marketing Quarterly, 36(3), 245-260. doi:10.1080/15332969.2015.1046774
Kai-Wen, C. (2015). A study of stress sources among college students in Taiwan. Journal of Academic and Business Ethics , 2-3. doi:DOI: 10.1007/s12098-015-1710-x
Kızılaslan, İ. (2014). Stress among Turkish Pre-Service English Language Teachers. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 176-185.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping .
Lin, N., & Ensel, W. (1989). Life Stress and Health: Stressors and Resources. American Sociological Review, 54(3), 382-399.
McLeod, S. (2018). Questionnaire: Definition, Examples, Design and Types. Simply Psychology .
Olpin, M. N. (1996). Perceived Stress Levels and Sources of Stress Among College Students: Methods, Frequency, And Effectiveness of Managing Stress by College Students. Health Education in the Graduate School , 1-5.
Pritchard, M., & Wilson, G. (2005). Comparing Sources of Stress in College Student Athletes and Non-Athletes. The Online Journal of Sport Psychology, 7(1), 1-8.
Pruthi, S. (2021). Stress management: Know your Triggers. Mayo Foundation For Medical Education and Research (MFMER).
Reyes, C. N., Arcega, G., Flores, J. M., Sinday, F. J., Tan, J. K., Testa, J. A., & Malana, J. (2020). An Analysis of the Satisfaction of Healthcare Workers on the Hazard Compensation in Both Private and Public Healthcare Institutions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Metro Manila, Philippines. International Journal of Arts, Sciences and Education, 1(2), 1-22.
Tappin, R. M. (2014). How to figure out an appropriate sample for the pilot study?
Thawabieh, A., & Qaisy, L. (2012). Assessing Stress among University Students. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(2).
Tully, A. (2004). Stress, sources of stress and ways of coping among psychiatric nursing students. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 43–47.
Tyrrell, J. (1992). Sources of Stress Among Psychology Undergraduates. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 184-192. doi:10.1080/03033910.1992.10557878
White, D. M. (2016). Recognizing and Dealing with Stress. Retrieved from https://psychcentral.com/lib/recognizing-and-dealing-with-stress#1
Williams, C. (2007). Research Methods. Journal of Business & Economic Research, 5(3), 65-70.
Copyright (c) 2022 Claire Napthalie Somoso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In submitting the manuscript to the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE), the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- The publication has been approved by the author(s) and by responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.