Anger and Stress Management Techniques for Successful Educational Leadership
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an anger and stress management intervention program on school leaders' burnout, stress, anger, and leadership skills. The study utilized a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design and collected quantitative data using standardized measures. The study also collected qualitative data through focus group discussions with school leaders at the end of the intervention phase. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, repeated-measures ANOVA, and thematic analysis. The quantitative results showed significant improvements in burnout, stress, anger, and leadership skills among the school leaders who participated in the intervention program. The qualitative findings revealed four main themes: increased self-awareness and emotional regulation, improved communication and conflict resolution skills, enhanced problem-solving and decision-making skills, and improved work-life balance and well-being. The study suggests that anger and stress management interventions can be effective in improving school leaders' well-being and leadership skills. These findings have practical implications for educational institutions and policymakers to implement anger and stress management interventions to support the well-being of school leaders and improve the quality of education. Future research could explore the long-term effects of such interventions and investigate the most effective approaches to implement them in different educational settings.
References
2. Baticulon, R.E., Sy, J.J., Alberto, N.R.I. et al. (2021). Barriers to Online Learning in the Time of COVID-19: A National Survey of Medical Students in the Philippines. Med.Sci.Educ. 31, 615–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01231-z
3. David DeMatthews, Paul Carrola, Pedro Reyes & David Knight (2021) School Leadership Burnout and Job-Related Stress: Recommendations for District Administrators and Principals, The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 94:4, 159-167, DOI: 10.1080/00098655.2021.1894083
4. Dreer, B. (2020). Positive Psychological Interventions for Teachers: a Randomised Placebo-Controlled Field Experiment Investigating the Effects of Workplace-Related Positive Activities. Int J Appl Posit Psychol 5, 77–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-020-00027-7
5. Fabelico, Fitzgerald and Afalla, Bonimar, Perseverance and Passion in the Teaching Profession: Teachers' Grit, Self-Efficacy, Burnout, and Performance (May 30, 2020). Journal of Critical Reviews, 2020, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3655146
6. Genon, J., Mabunay, J., Opsima, J., Zamora, R., Repaso, J., Sasan, J. M. (2022). Exploring the alternative solutions and strategies of toledo city government for the damaging impact of single-use plastic bag in the environment. ScienceRise, 1, 3–11. doi: http://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002148
7. Kilag, O. K. T., & Sasan, J. M. (2023). Unpacking the Role of Instructional Leadership in Teacher Professional Development. Advanced Qualitative Research, 1(1), 63-73.
8. Kilag, O. K. T. ., Ignacio, R. ., Lumando, E. B., Alvez, G. U. ., Abendan, C. F. K. ., Quiñanola, N. M. P. ., & Sasan, J. M. (2022). ICT Integration in Primary School Classrooms in the time of Pandemic in the Light of Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory. International Journal of Emerging Issues in Early Childhood Education, 4(2), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijeiece.v4i2.1170
9. Mahfouz, J. (2020). Principals and stress: Few coping strategies for abundant stressors. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(3), 440–458. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218817562
10. Maxwell, A., & Riley, P. (2017). Emotional demands, emotional labour and occupational outcomes in school principals: Modelling the relationships. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(3), 484–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143215607878
11. Michael Peterson (1997) Skills to Enhance Problem-based Learning, Medical Education Online, 2:1, DOI: 10.3402/meo.v2i.4289
12. Nagy, G.A., Cuervo, C., Ramos Rodríguez, E.Y. et al. (2022). Building a More Diverse and Inclusive Science: Mindfulness-Based Approaches for Latinx Individuals. Mindfulness 13, 942–954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01846-2
13. Ogba, F.N., Onyishi, C.N., Ede, M.O. et al. (2020). Effectiveness of SPACE Model of Cognitive Behavioral Coaching in Management of Occupational Stress in a Sample of School Administrators in South-East Nigeria. J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther 38, 345–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-019-00334-2
14. Peerayuth Charoensukmongkol & Jenette Villegas Puyod (2021) Influence of transformational leadership on role ambiguity and work–life balance of Filipino University employees during COVID-19: does employee involvement matter?, International Journal of Leadership in Education, DOI: 10.1080/13603124.2021.1882701
15. Pia Lappalainen (2020) Walking and talking sensors: conceptualising restorative leadership to enhance people management education in engineering, European Journal of Engineering Education, 45:3, 473-490, DOI: 10.1080/03043797.2019.1646211
16. Sun, W.-N., Hsu, H.-T., Ko, N.-Y., & Huang, Y.-T. (2020). Decision-Making Processes in Surrogates of Cancer Patients in a Taiwan Intensive Care Unit. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4443. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124443
17. Toscano, F., & Zappalà, S. (2020). Social Isolation and Stress as Predictors of Productivity Perception and Remote Work Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Concern about the Virus in a Moderated Double Mediation. Sustainability, 12(23), 9804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239804
18. Saiti, A. (2015). Conflicts in schools, conflict management styles and the role of the school leader: A study of Greek primary school educators. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(4), 582–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214523007
19. Sasan, J. M. V. (2021). The Social Contract Theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke: Comparative Analysis.
20. Sasan, John Michael Villagorda and Kilag, Osias Kit, Oplan Tabang: Church Driven Housing Project. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4191501 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4191501
21. Sasan, J. M., & Baritua, J. C. (2022). Distance learning as a learning modality for education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Science and Education, 3(8), 35–44. Retrieved from https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/4121
22. Sasan, J. M., & Rabillas, A. R. (2022). Enhancing English proficiency for Filipinos through a multimedia approach based on constructivist learning theory: a review. Science and Education, 3(8), 45–58. Retrieved from https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/4122
23. Simon Beausaert, Dominik E. Froehlich, Christelle Devos & Philip Riley (2016) Effects of support on stress and burnout in school principals, Educational Research, 58:4, 347-365, DOI: 10.1080/00131881.2016.1220810
24. Spyropoulou, E., & Koutroukis, T. (2021). Managing Open School Units Amid COVID-19 Pandemic through the Experiences of Greek Principals. Implications for Current and Future Policies in Public Education. Administrative Sciences, 11(3), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11030070
25. Thimmapuram JR, Grim R, Bell T, et al. (2019). Factors Influencing Work–Life Balance in Physicians and Advance Practice Clinicians and the Effect of Heartfulness Meditation Conference on Burnout. Global Advances in Health and Medicine;8. doi:10.1177/2164956118821056
26. Wells, C. M. (2013). Principals Responding to Constant Pressure: Finding a Source of Stress Management. NASSP Bulletin, 97(4), 335–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636513504453
27. Wells, C. M., & Klocko, B. A. (2018). Principal Well-Being and Resilience: Mindfulness as a Means to That End. NASSP Bulletin, 102(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636518777813
28. Yan Jin (2010) Emotional Leadership as a Key Dimension of Public Relations Leadership: A National Survey of Public Relations Leaders, Journal of Public Relations Research, 22:2, 159-181, DOI: 10.1080/10627261003601622
29. Zadok-Gurman, T., Jakobovich, R., Dvash, E., Zafrani, K., Rolnik, B., Ganz, A. B., & Lev-Ari, S. (2021). Effect of Inquiry-Based Stress Reduction (IBSR) Intervention on Well-Being, Resilience and Burnout of Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3689. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073689
In submitting the manuscript to the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE), the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- The publication has been approved by the author(s) and by responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.