Harmonization of Folk and Literary Languages: Issues in the Development of Artistic Speech

The article analyzes the problem of literary language in fiction, particularly the relationship between folk speech and literary language. It traces the development of the Uzbek literary language in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, focusing on the interaction between literary norms and the linguistic features of everyday folk speech. The distinction between “artistic language,” “artistic speech,” and “poetic language” is clarified from a literary and linguistic perspective. Examples from Uzbek, world, and Russian literature are examined to substantiate the role of folk speech in fiction. The analysis demonstrates that the incorporation of folk speech into literary works not only enriches the expressive potential of the literary language but also contributes to the creation of authentic characters, social contexts, and national-cultural imagery. At the same time, the use of colloquial and folk linguistic elements is shown to depend on the author’s artistic purpose, genre, narrative style, and historical context. The discussion indicates that literary language and folk speech should not be viewed as completely separate linguistic systems; rather, their interaction represents an important mechanism through which literary language develops and acquires greater stylistic and expressive diversity. The study concludes that the productive integration of folk speech into fiction played a significant role in the historical development and stylistic enrichment of Uzbek literary language.