Integrating Islamic and Multicultural Values to Prevent Violence in Pesantren Education: A Multisite Study in Madura, Indonesia
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Violence prevention in pesantren requires approaches that connect religious ethics, multicultural values, daily educational practices, and institutional protection. This study examines how Islamic and multicultural values are integrated to prevent violence in two pesantren in Madura, Indonesia. Using a qualitative multisite case-study design, data were collected from 42 informants through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and document review between 25 April and 25 June 2026. The findings reveal five interconnected dimensions: Islamic ethical values, multicultural and local values, pedagogical and relational practices, institutional protection mechanisms, and the formation of a violence-preventive pesantren culture. Values such as rahmah, hifz al-nafs, musawah, ta’dib, tasamuh, ukhuwah, justice, and human dignity were translated into non-violent discipline, egalitarian peer relations, multicultural interaction, musyawarah, supervision, safe reporting, and gender-sensitive caregiving. Cross-site analysis shows that different local expressions produced similar preventive functions. The study concludes that value integration becomes effective when normative commitments are operationalized through consistent pedagogical practices and reinforced by institutional safeguards, thereby fostering safer, inclusive, and humanistic pesantren environments. This model provides a culturally grounded framework for violence prevention efforts.
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